Figure 2

American Foulbrood-induced changes in protein expression regulation in selected functional families. Proteomes of honey bee hemolymph from larvae (5 days after hatching) infected using methods PL-Scale (Sc) or PL-Lab (Lb) were compared with healthy controls. Relative levels are expressed in the natural log scale (y-axis), with the level from uninfected bees defined at 0. Data points are relative peptide ratios pooled from 3 biological replicates, with the horizontal bar representing the median level of protein regulation. Those with the median beyond 2-fold (outside of the shaded box) and meets statistical significance, as calculated by the two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranked test are marked by a single (*, p < 0.05) or double (**, p < 0.01) asterisk. Selected proteins and functional families are shown: (a) highly regulated metabolic proteins, (b) major royal jelly proteins, (c) energy storage proteins, (d) protein folding chaperones, and (e) immunity-related proteins. NA = unquantifiable proteins. Protein abbreviations in alphabetical order (name, accession number): ACAT (acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, [GI:48097100]); ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase, [GI:66530423]); apoLIII (apolipophorin III, was "hypothetical protein", [GI:66557660]); Eater (a homolog identified by [10], [GI:110763407]); ECHD (enoyl-Coa hydratase, [GI:110773271]); ERp60 (a homlog of protein disulfide isomerase, [GI:66546657]); FABP (retinoid- and fatty acid binding protein, [GI:110758758]); Gly93 (glycoprotein 93, a homolog of HSP90, [GI:110758921]); GNBP1 (Gram-negative binding protein 1, [GI:110755978]); H70/90 (HSP70/90 organizing protein, [GI:110756123]); HEX110 (hexamerin 110, was "larval serum protein 2", [GI:110761029]); HEX70b (hexamerin 70b, [GI:58585148]); HEX70c (hexamerin 70c, was "hexamerin 2 beta", [GI:66549815]); HSC5 (heat shock protein cognate 5, [GI:66501507]); HSC70Cb (heat shock cognate 70Cb, [GI:66505007]); HSP1 (heat shock protein 1, [GI:110749824]); HSP60 (heat shock protein 60, [GI:66547450]); HSP8 (heat shock protein 8, [GI:66537940]); HSP90 (heat shock protein 90, [GI:66512625]); Hympt (hymenoptaecin, [GI:58585174]); Lys (lysozyme, [GI:66565246]); MDH (malate dehydrogenase, 66513092); MRJP1 (major royal jelly protein 1, [GI:58585098]); MRJP2 (major royal jelly protein 2, [GI:58585108]); MRJP3 (major royal jelly protein 3, [GI:58585142]); PDI (disulfide isomerase, [GI:110768510]); PDI (disulfide isomerase, [GI:66531851]); pPO (prophenoloxidase, [GI:58585196]); pPO-a (prophenoloxidase-activating factor, [GI:110758534]); Serpin (serine protease inhibitor 5, [GI:66566441]); TCP1 (a homlog of chaperonin, [GI:66560172]).