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Table 2 Twenty-one yeast overexpression strains confirmed as suppresors of sensitivity to COS-5.44

From: Identification of yeast genes that confer resistance to chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) using chemogenomics

ORF

Gene

Resistance confirmed

Fitness score of resistance (avg)3

Sensitivity confirmed (HET deletion strain)

Fitness score of sensitivity (avg)4

Description from SGD

YBR164C

ARL11

yes

1.870

yes

0.756

Soluble GTPase of the Ras superfamily, with a role in regulation of membrane traffic mainly regulates potassium influx; similar to ADP-ribosylation factor.

YBR166C

TYR1

yes

1.381

no

1.035

Prephenate dehydrogenase involved in tyrosine biosynthesis, expression is dependent on phenylalanine levels.

YDL029W

ARP2

yes

1.609

no

1.023

Essential component of the Arp2/3 complex involved in endocytosis and membrane growth and polarity. A conserved actin nucleation center required for the motility and integrity of actin patches.

YDR171W

HSP42

yes

1.372

no

1.135

Small heat shock protein (sHSP) with chaperone activity involved in cytoskeleton reorganization after heat shock; forms barrel-shaped oligomers that suppress unfolded protein aggregation.

YDR524C

AGE1

yes

1.783

no

1.106

ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase activating protein (GAP) effector, involved in the secretory and endocytic pathways.

YDR527W

RBA501

yes

1.407

yes

0.899

Protein involved in transcription; interacts with RNA polymerase II subunits Rpb2p, Rpb3, and Rpb11p; has similarity to human RPAP1.

YER048C

CAJ1

yes

1.845

no

0.995

Nuclear type II J heat shock protein of the of the E. coli dnaJ family, binds, to non-native substrates for presentation to Ssa3p, may function during protein translocation, assembly and disassembly.

YER167W

BCK21

yes

1.365

yes

0.890

Protein rich in serine and threonine residues involved in protein kinase C signaling pathway, which controls cell integrity; overproduction suppresses pkc 1 mutations

YJL046W

AIM22

yes

1.258

no

0.908

Putative lipoate-protein ligase, required along with Lip2 and Lip5 for lipoylation of Lat1p and Kgd2p.

YKL208W

CBT1

yes

1.265

no

0.930

a role in 3′end processing of the COB pre-mRNA; displays genetic interaction with cell cycle-regulated kinase.

YLR193C

UPS1

yes

1.201

no

0.953

Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein that regulates mitochondrial cardiolipin levels, null has defects in Mgm1p processing, integrity of mitochondrial inner membrane complexes; ortholog of human PRELI.

YLR285W

NNT1

yes

1.448

no

1.184

Putative nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, has a role in rDNA silencing and in the lifespan determination.

YML124C

TUB3

yes

1.763

no

1.227

Alpha-tubulin; associates with beta-tubulin (Tub2p) to form tubulin dimer, which polymerizes to form microtubules; expressed at lower level than Tub1p.

YMR123W

PKR12

yes

1.350

yes

0.866

V-ATPase assembly factor, functions with other V-ATPase assembly factors in the ER to efficiently assemble the VATPase membrane sector (VO).

YNL053W

MSG51

yes

1.454

yes

0.874

Dual-specificity protein phosphatase; required for maintenance of a low level of signaling through the cell integrity pathway, adaptive response to pheromone; regulates and is regulated by Slt2p; dephosphorylates Fus3p.

YNL054W

VAC72

yes

1.387

yes

0.873

Integral vacuolar membrane protein involved in vacuole inheritance and morphology; activities Fab1p kinase activity under basal conditions anfd also after hyperosmotic shock.

YNL218W

MSG12

yes

1.214

yes

0.899

Protein with DNA-dependent ATPase and ssDNA annealing activities involved in maintenance of genome; interacts functionally with DNA polymerase delta; homolog of human WHIP.

YNL280C

ERG241

yes

1.275

yes

0.893

C-14 sterol reductase, acts in ergosterol biosynthesis; mutants accumulate the abnormal sterol ignosterol (ergosta-8, 14 dienol).

YNR057C

BIO42

yes

1.246

yes

0.885

Dethiobiotin synthetase, catalyzes the third step in the biotin biosynthesis pathway; BIO4 is in a cluster of 3genes (BIO3, BIO4, and BIO5) that mediate biotin synthesis.

YPL053C

KTR62

yes

1.616

yes

0.861

Probable mannosylphosphate transferase involved in the synthesis of core oligosaccharides in protein glycosylation pathway; member of the KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase family.

YPL106C

SSE12

yes

1.253

yes

0.896

ATPase that is a component of the heat shock protein Hsp90 chaperone complex; binds unfolded proteins; member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family; localized to the cytoplasm.

  1. 1 Genes selected for transcriptomic analysis.
  2. 2 Overexpressing strains confirmed as suppressors when overexpressed and sensitive when tested as deletion strains.
  3. 3–4 Fitness score (W) is estimated from the average growth curves (as measured by optical density) of a given strain in the presence and absence of COS after 20 h. Data shown corresponds to deletion strains exposed to 91.1 μg/ml and overexpressing strains to 112.5 μg/ml of chitosan oligosaccharide. The fitness scores from three individual colonies of each overexpressing or deletion strain grown in triplicate (i.e. 9 cultures for each strain) were used to calculate the average. This score takes into account the growth of the wild type and overexpressing or deletion strain in control conditions as well as treatment conditions. W c  = wtc/stc; Wt = wtt/stt, where W c is the fitness score under control (no drug) conditions, W t is the fitness score after treatment, wt is doubling time of wild type strain, st is doubling time of the overexpressing or deletion strain, c is control conditions, t is treatment (COS) conditions. Normalized fitness (W) = avg Wt/avg Wc[24]. A fitness score less than 1 indicates that the strain is sensitive, a fitness score above 1 indicates that the strain is resistant [24]. Means that the strain has a treatment induced growth defect, a minimum difference of 0.1 (10%) was used as a cut-off to consider a strain sensitive.