Table 3 Causal genes correctly highlighted by RIF across a range of species and biological circumstances

MSTN

Cattle muscle, Piedmontese hyper-muscularity versus normal

Mapping, deep sequencing [60]

1^st out of 920 [1]

No

Alpha-Synuclein

Human brain, Parkinson’s disease versus healthy

Range of evidence including GWAS reviewed in [61]

Not formally stated in patent [55], presumably 1^st

Unknown. Patent was established to identify causal variants by transcriptome wiring, even when not DE

CDK8

Human colon, colorectal cancer versus healthy

Colorectal cancer oncogene regulates B-catenin [54]

4^th out of 1,292 [53]

No

P107

Human, brown fat tissue versus white fat tissue

P107 knockout mouse exhibits a uniform white to brown fat transition [62]

5^th out of 552 [4]

No

DLK1

Sheep muscle, Callipyge hyper- muscularity versus normal

Not proven, but DLK1 is the most DE highly abundant gene, and its expression is maintained post-natally in effected muscles only.

4^th out of 898 Unpublished data

Yes, 2.14-fold up- regulation in callipyge individuals across all time points explored.

INSM1

Pig, 6 CNS tissues versus 21 other tissues

Neuroendocrine differentiation [63]

1^st out of 1,072 (submitted)

Yes, 3.8-Fold up- regulation in CNS

OXTR

Cattle muscle, steroid hormone induced muscling

No direct evidence, but OXT precursor is the most DE gene in this experiment, and is known to drive cardiac development.

2^nd out of 2,944 [52]

No

CARM1

Human breast, breast cancer high survival versus low survival

Regulates estrogen stimulated breast cancer via E2F1 [64]

2^nd out of 892 [4]

No