Table 3 Quantitative trait loci identified for sex, yield and cone chemistry traits in hop, in (a) a New Zealand mapping population and (b) a Slovenian mapping population

a.

hop acid

α-acid

α-acid

α-acid-1

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-718465-l-4af

0.0

2.91

8.6

0.43

P < 0.0005

α-acid-2

Nugget 5

F

D-hPb-618369-l-1f

34.4

2.62

7.1

0.40

P < 0.0005

humulone + adhumulone

humulone + adhumulone-1

Nugget 5

F

D-hPb-618369-l-1f

34.4

4.26

11.3

0.39

P < 0.0001

humulone + adhumulone-3

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-718465-l-4af

0.0

2.58

6.7

0.29

P < 0.001

cohumulone

cohumulone-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364480-l-4c*f

1.8

8.14

21.9

−0.21

P < 0.0001

cohumulone-2

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-718465-l-4af

0.0

3.29

8.1

0.12

P < 0.0005

cohumulone (% of α-acid)

cohumulone (% of α-acid)-1

Nugget 2

F

S-GT4-J12-15-lf

3.5

24.78

43

−2.78

P < 0.0001

β-acid

β-acid

β-acid −1

Nugget 5

F

D-hPb-366221-l-1f

39.0

5.01

11.9

0.23

P < 0.0001

β-acid −2

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364480-l-4c*f

1.8

5.01

11.9

−0.23

P < 0.0005

β-acid −3

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

S-HLGT14*-n*m

0.0

4.39

10.3

−0.28

P < 0.05

β-acid-4

Nugget 8

F

D-hPb-362051-l-4af

5.9

2.37

5.4

0.15

P < 0.05

lupulone + adlupulone

lupulone + adlupulone-1

Nugget 5

F

D-hPb-366221-l-1f

39.0

5.72

14.7

0.13

P < 0.0001

lupulone + adlupulone-2

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

S-HLGT14*-n*m

0.0

3.70

9.2

−0.13

P < 0.005

lupulone + adlupulone-3

Nugget 8

F

D-hPb-362051-l-4af

5.9

3.17

7.8

0.09

P < 0.005

colupulone

colupulone-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364480-l-4c*f

1.8

8.40

21.8

−0.16

P < 0.0001

colupulone-2

Nugget 5

F

D-hPb-366221-l-1f

39.0

3.55

8.5

0.10

P < 0.0005

colupulone (% of β-acid)

colupulone (% of β-acid)-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-719407-l-4af

2.8

20.54

44.4

−2.4

P < 0.0001

ratio

α-acid:β-acid

α-acid:β-acid-1

Nugget 8

F

D-hPb-362051-l-4af

5.9

4.44

10.5

−0.15

P < 0.0005

α-acid:β-acid-2

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

4.40

10.4

0.15

P < 0.0005

α-acid:β-acid-3

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

3.63

8.5

0.13

P < 0.001

α-acid:β-acid-4

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-716855-l-4af

29.5

2.65

6.1

0.11

P < 0.01

essential oil

ester

methyl decanoate

methyl decanoate-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

6.91

17.2

0.04

P < 0.0001

methyl decanoate-2

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

3.70

8.7

−0.03

P < 0.0001

methyl decanoate-3

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-366735-l-1*f

0.0

2.45

5.6

−0.03

P < 0.001

methyl dec-4-enoate

methyl dec-4-enoate-2

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-366735-l-1*f

0.0

3.81

12.3

0.21

P < 0.0001

methyl-4-methylhex-2-enoate

methyl-4-methylhex-2-enoate-2

Nugget 5

F

S-AP20_600-lf

50.4

2.36

6.1

0.07

P < 0.01

ketone

2-undecanone

2-undecanone-1

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

25.1

53.8

0.14

P < 0.0001

2-undecanone-2

Nugget 5

F

S-AP20_600-lf

50.4

4.62

6.8

−0.05

P < 0.01

ether

humulene diepoxide a

humulene diepoxide a-1

Nugget 2

F

S-GA8-K15-4-lf

2.4

2.37

7.8

0.11

P < 0.05

monoterpene alcohol

linalool

linalool-1

Nugget 5

F

D-hPb-618369-l-1f

34.4

2.68

8.8

0.06

P < 0.005

sesquiterpene alcohol

humulol

humulol-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

3.81

11.2

0.04

P < 0.0001

humulol-2

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

2.80

8.1

−0.03

P < 0.0005

t-cadinol

t-cadinol-1

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

3.34

10.1

−0.03

P < 0.0005

monoterpene

β-pinene

β-pinene-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

5.42

16.1

−0.07

P < 0.0001

limonene

limonene-1

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

S-HLGT14*-n*

0.0

2.33

7.7

−0.17

P < 0.001

myrcene

myrcene-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

5.54

16

−5.61

P < 0.0001

myrcene-2

Nugget 5

F

D-hPb-618369-l-1f

34.4

3.56

9.9

4.43

P < 0.005

ρ-cymene

ρ-cymene-1

Nugget 5

F

D-hPb-362315-l-1f

44.5

2.84

9.3

0.04

P < 0.0005

terpinene

terpinene-1

S.B.L. 3/3 6

M

D-hPb-619280-n-1*m

14.2

3.19

9.3

0.14

P < 0.0001

terpinene-2

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-719075-l-4a*f

0.0

2.73

7.9

−0.13

P < 0.0001

sesquiterpene

α-capaene

α-capaene-1

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-619412-n-1 m

35.1

3.52

11.4

−0.05

P < 0.0005

α-selinene

α-selinene-1

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-718465-l-4af

0.0

4.01

12.9

−0.19

P < 0.0001

β-selinene

β-selinene-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

3.88

11.5

0.07

P < 0.0001

δ-cadinene

δ-cadinene-1

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-618333-l-1f

45.2

6.05

18.8

0.23

P < 0.0001

γ-cadinene

γ-cadinene-1

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-618333-l-1f

45.2

7.87

22.6

0.41

P < 0.0001

γ-cadinene-2

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

2.67

7

−0.23

P < 0.05

caryophyllene

caryophyllene-1

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

6.23

13.7

−1.45

P < 0.0001

caryophyllene-2

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-715569-l-1

28.3

5.45

12.6

1.39

P < 0.005

caryophyllene-3

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

5.10

11

1.32

P < 0.0001

farnesene

farnesene-1

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

39.78

71.3

6.45

P < 0.0001

farnesene-2

Nugget 5

F

S-AP20_600-lf

50.4

4.62

4.2

−1.62

P < 0.05

humulene

humulene-1

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-362665-l-1f

39.3

7.15

15.3

−3.67

P < 0.0001

humulene-2

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

6.42

13.8

−3.45

P < 0.0001

humulene-3

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-719075-l-4a*f

0.0

3.61

7.3

2.55

P < 0.01

humulene-4

Nugget 5

F

D-hPb-618369-l-1f

34.4

2.66

5.3

−2.22

P < 0.005

muurolene

muurolene-1

S.B.L. 3/3 3

M

D-hPb-716654-n-1 m

36.2

8.83

22.6

−0.15

P < 0.0001

muurolene-2

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

5.17

12.4

0.11

P < 0.0001

ratio

humulene:caryophyllene

humulene:caryophyllene-1

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-362665-l-1f

39.3

38.44

66.9

−0.54

P < 0.0001

poly-phenol

poly-phenol

xanthohumol

xanthohumol-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

11.5

29.5

−0.05

P < 0.0001

xanthohumol-2

Nugget 1

F

D-hPb-715569-l-1f

28.3

2.46

5.4

−0.02

P < 0.01

yield

secondary metabolites

essential oil content

essential oil content-1

Nugget 2

F

D-hPb-364957-l-4af

2.3

6.66

20.1

−0.16

P < 0.0001

sex

sex

sex

sex-1

S.B.L. 3/3 5

M

S-HLAGA7-a*m

2.1

13.84

22.6

−0.28

P < 0.0001

b.

yield

cone

dry cone weight

dry cone weight-1

Hallertauer Magnum 1

F

D-hPb-716855-l-4a*f

16.0

7.49

35.0

0.05

P < 0.0001

sex

sex

sex

sex-1

S.B.L. 2/1 5

M

S-HLAGA7-e*

20.5

1441.23

81

0.50

P < 0.0001