Table 2 Known unigenes expressed in response to V. dahliae infection in resistant G. barbadense
Pathway | Unigene | Related functions |
|---|---|---|
Perception of PAMPs by PRRs | Chitin elicitor receptor kinase (CERK1) | Chitin elicitor signaling |
Elicitor-responsive proteins (ERG) | Plant defense signaling | |
Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs) | Perception of PAMPs and induction of defense responses | |
BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) | Perception of PAMPs and induction of defense responses | |
Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases (SERKs) | Plant immune responses to pathogen attack | |
Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) | Perception of PAMPs and induction of defense responses | |
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) | Downstream components in PTI | |
CC-NBS-LRR resistance protein (RPM1) | Manages of signaling potential via intra-molecular negative regulation | |
Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) | TMV resistance protein | TMV-N mediated signal transduction pathway |
Disease resistance protein (RPS2) | Specifically recognizes effector protein from pathogen | |
NBS-LRR resistance gene (RPP8) | Specifically recognizes effector protein from pathogen | |
RPM1 Interacting Protein 4 (RIN4) | Negatively regulates disease resistance mediated by RPS2 | |
Ion Fluxes | CaM-related proteins | Calcium signal transducer |
Plant cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) | Facilitates Ca2+ uptake into the cytosol in response to PAMP | |
Calmodulin (CaM) | Calcium signal transducer | |
Calcium binding protein | Calcium signal transducer | |
Calmodulin-like protein (CML) | Calcium signal transducer | |
Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) | Decoding of calcium transients | |
Transcription factors (TFs) | ERF, EREBP-like | Binding ethylene-responsive element |
WRKY | Regulates signaling and transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant defense responses | |
BHLH | Regulates signaling and transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant defense responses | |
Histone promoter-binding protein (HBP)-1a | Negatively regulates defense response | |
NADPH oxidase or respiratory burst oxidase | Generation of superoxide | |
Oxidative burst | Ascorbate peroxidase | Detoxifies peroxides |
Thioredoxin peroxidases | Reduces various peroxides | |
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) | Reduces H2O2, organic hydroperoxidases, and lipid peroxides | |
Cationic peroxidases | Causes a disease resistance response | |
Protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) | Ubiquitous redox protein | |
Catalase | Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen | |
PR1C | Confers resistance to pathogen and hallmarks of defense pathways | |
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins | Beta-1,3-glucanase-like genes (PR2 homologs) | Lyses cell walls of fungal pathogens |
PR1 protein | Confers resistance to pathogen and hallmarks of defense pathways | |
Chitinase (PR3 and 8 homologs) | Lyses cell walls of fungal pathogens | |
Thaumatin-like protein (PR5) | Inhibits hyphal growth and sporulation by various fungi | |
BAG-like genes: BCL-2-associated athanogenes | Suppresses apoptosis | |
Dynamin-related proteins (DRP) | Key regulators of PCD | |
Programmed cell death (PCD) | Apoptosis Inducing Factor homolog (AIF) | Chromatin condensation and DNA degradation |
Nitric oxide synthase | Catalyzes arginine to produce nitric oxide | |
Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1(EDS1) | Catalyzes arginine to produce nitric oxide | |
Non-expression of PR gene 1 (NPR1) | Regulatory component in SA signaling | |
Plant hormones | Pathogen-inducible salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (SGT1) | Involved in the early disease response and the accumulation of glucosyl SA during pathogenesis |
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) | Key enzyme in SA biosynthesis | |
Isochorismate synthase (ICS) | Key enzyme in SA biosynthesis | |
Lipoxygenase (LOX) | Key enzyme in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis | |
Allene oxide synthase (AOS) | Key enzyme in jasmonic acid biosynthesis | |
Jasmonate ZIM-motif (JAZ) proteins (TIFY10B) | JA signaling | |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) | Key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis | |
3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase | Biosynthesis of derived secondary metabolites | |
Cell wall modification | Polyphenol oxidase | Oxidation of phenol compounds |
4-coumarate-CoA ligase | Phenylpropanoid metabolism | |
Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) | Conjugates electrophilic molecules to glutathione (GSH) | |
Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase | Lignin biosynthesis | |
Extension | Inhibits pathogen invasion | |
Cellulose synthase | Callose synthesis | |
Sucrose synthase | Sucrose synthesis | |
UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase 1 | Key factor in xylose formation |