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Table 3 Frequency (Columns A-C), Dufton's (1997) size/complexity score [29] (Columns D-F) and Trifonov (2004) chronology ranking [30] (Columns G-I) of amino acids of degeneracy greater than one that have major codons. (In [30] there is no ranking for the two-fold part of Ser (Ser2), but its initiation was placed somewhere between Thr and Ile.)

From: The action of selection on codon bias in the human genome is related to frequency, complexity, and chronology of amino acids

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

Amino acid

Group

Frequency per 10,000 codons

Amino acid

Group

Size/complexity score

Amino acid

Group

Chronology ranking

Leu4

A

786

Gly

A

1

Gly

A

3.5

Ala

A

704

Ala

A

4.76

Ala

A

4

Gly

A

663

Val

B

12.28

Val

B

6

Pro

A

628

Ile

A

16.04

Asp

B

6.3

Val

B

598

Leu4

A

16.04

Ser4

A

7.3

Thr

A

526

Ser2

B

17.86

Pro

A

7.6

Ser4

A

500

Ser4

A

17.86

Leu4

A

9.4

Asp

B

479

Thr

A

21.62

Thr

A

9.9

Gln

A

477

Pro

A

31.8

Ser2

B

 

Ile

A

433

Asp

B

32.72

Ile

A

11

Phe

B

365

Asn

B

33.72

Asn

B

11.3

Asn

B

362

Gln

A

37.48

Gln

A

11.4

Ser2

B

326

Phe

B

44

His

B

13.3

Tyr

B

266

Tyr

B

57

Phe

B

13.8

His

B

261

Cys

B

57.16

Cys

B

14.2

Cys

B

227

His

B

58.7

Tyr

B

15.2