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Table 2 Changes in mammary gene expression in response to four times daily milking1 (IMF4) as determined by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE).

From: Effects of increased milking frequency on gene expression in the bovine mammary gland

  

Number of tags

   

Tag

Gene symbol

Control

IMF4

P-value

UniGene annotation

Putative function

Genes up regulated in IMF4

GCTCCAGGAC

GCHFR

0

9

0.0034

GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulator

regulation of NO synthesis

GACGACACGA

RPS28

0

6

0.0214

ribosomal protein S28

protein biosynthesis

CAGCAAGGTG

STK19

0

5

0.0385

serine/threonine kinase 19

transcriptional regulation

TCTCCCCTGT

GAK

0

5

0.0385

cyclin G associated kinase

membrane trafficking, putative tumor suppressor

AGGAGTTGGG

 

1

14

0.001

major histocompatibility complex, class I, A

immune response

GGCCTGATCG

LTF

2

17

0.0009

lactotransferrin

defense against bacterial infection

GAAATCATTG

UGP2

2

10

0.0304

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2

lactose synthesis

CCGGTATAAA

 

4

15

0.0214

unique2

 

CCGGTCGCCC

RPS9

8

23

0.0124

ribosomal protein S9

protein biosynthesis

GCAGTGGTAG

 

8

23

0.0124

unknown3

 

GCGGCCAGCG

LGB

12

32

0.0064

β-lactoglobulin

component of whey protein

CAGATATAGG

 

15

31

0.0351

unknown

 

GCCGGCCCGG

RPS15

23

44

0.0253

ribosomal protein S15

protein biosynthesis

GGCAGGGCCT

H2AFY2

48

87

0.0045

H2A histone family, member Y2

transcriptional regulation

CAGAAGAGCA

 

24

42

0.0481

unique

 

ATACTACTGG

 

70

120

0.0033

unique

 

Genes down regulated in IMF4

CCTTTGAAGT

GLYCAM1

117

92

0.0055

glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule 1

cell adhesion molecule

TCCATTGTCA

 

67

51

0.0185

unknown

 

GTAGTTGGCT

 

106

80

0.0037

unique

 

AACATATCAA

CSN2

894

574

0

β-casein

defense against infection

GGAAAGGCGG

MFGE8

29

18

0.0303

milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (lactadherin)

remodeling during mammary involution, neovascularization

AATGGCGCTC

LALBA

195

120

0

α-lactalbumin

lactose synthesis, antimicrobial and anti-tumor function in neonate

GGTTCAAAAC

 

20

10

0.0235

unknown

 

GCTGAATAAA

MUC1

13

6

0.0486

mucin 1, transmembrane

defense against microbial infection, cell signaling

GAATAGGATG

 

21

8

0.0045

unknown

 

CACCCCTGGA

 

11

4

0.0379

unknown

 

CAAACTCTTG

ATOX1

11

3

0.0163

antioxidant protein 1

ion transport, protective role in oxidative stress

AAAATAAAAG

CXCL3

8

2

0.0405

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3

immune response

ACCCTGTGCC

 

9

2

0.0216

LOC506990

 

ACCAAAAACC

COL1A1

27

5

0

type I collagen, α-1

component of extracellular matrix

ACCCGGCTGA

 

6

1

0.0406

MGC127561

 

ATCAATAAAG

CAPG

7

1

0.0229

capping protein (actin filament), gelsolin-like

tumor suppressor, control of cellular motility

CTCGATGAAA

XBP1

8

1

0.0135

X-box binding protein 1

immune response

GCCCACAAAG

FGFBP1

9

1

0.0065

fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1

epithelial cell repair after injury, angiogenesis

GCGCCCCTGC

 

10

0

0.0006

major histocompatibility complex, class I, A

immune response

CACACCCGGC

MRPL45

8

0

0.0024

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L45

protein biosynthesis

GTCTTTAATT

 

8

0

0.0024

unknown

 

CTTTGTGTGC

ALDOC

5

0

0.0225

aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate

cellular metabolism

GGCCCAGTTT

PPIB

5

0

0.0225

cyclophilin B

chaperone facilitating action of lactogenic hormones, inflammatory response

CAGATTTGTG

DDX24

4

0

0.0467

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 24

RNA helicase

CCCGCGGAAA

SAA3P

4

0

0.0467

serum amyloid A3

defense against bacterial infection, remodeling of mammary gland

GCCGAAGCTA

TSC2

4

0

0.0467

tuberous sclerosis 2

inhibitor of cell growth and proliferation

TGAGGCTCAC

QDPR

4

0

0.0467

quinoid dihydropteridine reductase

L-phenylalanine catabolism

TTTGGTTTTC

COL1A2

4

0

0.0467

type I collagen,α-2

component of extracellular matrix

GCTCCAGGAC

GCHFR

0

9

0.0034

GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulator

regulation of NO synthesis

GACGACACGA

RPS28

0

6

0.0214

ribosomal protein S28

protein biosynthesis

CAGCAAGGTG

STK19

0

5

0.0385

serine/threonine kinase 19

transcriptional regulation

TCTCCCCTGT

GAK

0

5

0.0385

cyclin G associated kinase

membrane trafficking, putative tumor suppressor

AGGAGTTGGG

 

1

14

0.001

major histocompatibility complex, class I, A

immune response

GGCCTGATCG

LTF

2

17

0.0009

lactotransferrin

defense against bacterial infection

GAAATCATTG

UGP2

2

10

0.0304

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2

lactose synthesis

CCGGTATAAA

 

4

15

0.0214

unique2

 
  1. 1 Cows were milked twice daily from d 1 to 3 of lactation, and four times daily beginning at d 4 of lactation until d 21 post partum
  2. 2 Tag sequence is unique to this SAGE library
  3. 3 Tag sequence matches no Unigene clusters but has been sampled from other bovine SAGE libraries
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BMC Genomics

ISSN: 1471-2164

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