Table 2 Positively selected genes with functions, identified in Arctic and red fox using the branch site test

ENSCAFT00000048935

GLTPD1

Glycolipid transfer protein domain containing 1

Glycolipid binding, Phospholipid binding.

Lipid deposition in chicken [23].

ENSCAFT00000008666

AKT2

V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2

ATP binding.

Regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation and insulin signalling [25, 79].

Kinase activity.

ENSCAFT00000001161

N.A.

N.A.

Transmembrane transport.

N.A.

ENSCAFT00000021080

RNASEH2C

Ribonuclease H2, subunit C

RNA catabolic process.

Involved in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome [80].

ENSCAFT00000027282

MAGEE2

Melanoma antigen family E, 2

N.A.

Member of the melanoma antigen family, unknown function [81].

ENSCAFT00000010371

APBB1

Amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 (Fe65)

Beta-amyloid binding.

Interacts with the Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein (APP) [82, 83].

Chromatin binding.

ENSCAFT00000006986

CCDC61

Coiled-coil domain containing 61

N.A.

N.A.

ENSCAFT00000012394

LIX1

Limb Expression 1

N.A

Expressed during chicken and mouse limb development [84, 85].

ENSCAFT00000016648

SLC6A19

Solute carrier family 6, member 19

Neurotransmitter: sodium symporter activity.

Involved in Hartnup disorder [86].

ENSCAFT00000032520

TK2

Thymidine kinase 2

ATP binding. Thymidine kinase activity.

Required for mitochondrial DNA synthesis. Associated with a myopathic form of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome [87].

ENSCAFT00000013454

EDIL3

EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3

Calcium ion binding. Integrin binding.

Angiogenesis [88, 89] Involved in innate immunity [90].

ENSCAFT00000031005

DFFB

DNA fragmentation factor, 40 kDa, beta polypeptide

DNA binding.

Caspase-activated DNAse. Involved in apoptosis [91, 92].

Desoxyribonuclease activity.