Fig. 1

Seasonal precipitation and temperature at the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Road Vineyard were collected from the Desert Research Institute’s weather station. The double sigmoidal phases of berry development are highlighted: Pre-veraison in green refers to fruit set and enlargement before color change; Veraison in pink refers to the transition in color of berries; and Post-veraison in purple refers to full color change and heightened sugar and decreased organic acid levels until harvest. Harvest time points in October 2011 are denoted by cultivar abbreviations in their respective order of harvest: Semillon (SM), Pinot Noir (PN), Merlot (ME), Chardonnay (CD), and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS). a Daily precipitation (mm) values are illustrated by blue circles, scaled to the amount of precipitation on a given day. b The daily total Penman evapotranspiration (mm) values were based on the 82 Kimberly-Penman equation. c The daily high (red), low (blue) and mean (black) temperatures and the extreme high (36.7 °C) and low (−3.33 °C) are indicated