Figure 3

Tungstate effects on the genes identified using the microarrays are specific and independent of glycemia normalization. a From the list of specific genes modified in the diabetic treated animals, a significant number were chosen to corroborate the difference in expression levels detected by microarray analysis, using Real Time PCR, n = 7. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared to healthy untreated animals, ^†††p < 0.001, ^††p < 0.01 and ^†p < 0.05 compared to diabetic untreated animals. b Diabetic animals were treated with phloridzin to decrease glycemia. Blood glucose levels during phloridzin administration, n = 12. ***p < 0.001 compared to vehicle treated animals. c mRNA expression levels from the pancreas of phloridzin treated animals were analyzed by Real Time PCR, n = 10. *p < 0.05 compared to vehicle treated animals.