Figure 4

Quantification of gene expression change by qPCR and Immunohistichemistry for Angiogenin 4 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Gene expression levels for INDO in whole gut and epithelial cells (A) comparing E isolate (white bars) to S isolate (black bars) as a fold change over naïve/unstimulated. IDO⁺ cells were detected in proximal colon tissue sections via immunohistochemistry and data presented as mean number of IDO⁺ cells per 20 ccu (B). Example of IDO staining (×200 magnification) in naïve, E isolate- and S isolate-infected mice at d7 p.i, with examples of positive cells identified by black arrowheads (C). Gene expression levels for Ang4 in whole gut and epithelial cell fraction (D) comparing E isolate-infected mice (white bars) to S isolate-infected mice (black bars) as a fold change over naïve. *, significant difference between the E isolate and S isolate-infected mice (p < 0.05). Ang4⁺ cells were detected in proximal colon tissue sections via immunohistochemistry and data presented as mean number of Ang4⁺ cells per 20 ccu (E). Example of Ang4 staining (×200 magnification) in naïve, E isolate- and S isolate-infected mice at d21 p.i (F). Experiments were performed at least twice and data shown is a representative experiment. Values represent the mean ± SD for 3-4 mice per group.