Gene network and pathway analysis of bovine mammary tissue challenged with Streptococcus uberis reveals induction of cell proliferation and inhibition of PPARγ signaling as potential mechanism for the negative relationships between immune response and lipid metabolism

Table 1 List of top 10 up-regulated genes in mammary tissue due to IMI with Streptococcus uberis¹.

Gene Symbol	Gene Name	Primary Functions	Fold Change
IL8	interleukin-8	Chemotaxis; neutrophil activation; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; angiogenesis.	1054*
IL6	interleukin-6 (interferon, beta)	Acute phase response; B- and T- cell activation; neutrophil activation and apoptosis.	430*
IL1RN	interleukin-1 receptor antagonist	Inhibits activity of IL-1, IL-1α, and IL-1β.	103.3*
SAA3	serum amyloid a3 (mammary)	Acute phase response; antimicrobial activites.	64.1*
TNF	tumor necrosis factor-alpha	Acute phase response; pro-inflammatory immune response; regulation of cytokine secretion; insulin signaling; glucose metabolism.	44.9*
IL10	interleukin-10	Anti-inflammatory immune response; inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion; induces IL-1RN and soluble TNF receptor expression; negative regulator of antigen presentation.	27.8*
PLAUR	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Localizes and promotes plasmin formation; involved in cell-surface plasminogen activation and localized degradation of the extracellular matrix.	18.7*
LYZ	lysozyme	Anti-microbial defense agent via binding to bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan cleaving beta [1–4]glycosidic linkages.	16.8*
IL1B	interleukin-1 beta	Acute phase response; neutrophil chemotaxis; induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production.	13.9*
SELL	selectin-l	Adhesion of leukocyte to endothelial cells.	10.0*

ISSN: 1471-2164