Figure 5

Elevated d _N / d _S ratios among Melampsora homologous gene groups (HGGs) encoding secreted proteins. The rates of non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions per non-synonymous site (d_N) and the rates of synonymous nucleotide substitutions per synonymous site (d_S) were calculated across all possible pairwise comparisons within each of the 369 HGGs using the maximum likelihood method implemented in the codeml program (runmode = -2) in the PAML 4 software package. The distribution of highest calculated ω (d_N/d_S ratios) among all pairwise comparisons within each HGG is shown. In cases where d_N > 0 and d_S = 0 (i.e. ω = ∞), the second higher ratio was selected.