Figure 1

Genomic architecture of adaptive traits in white spruce: distribution of QTLs significantly associated to bud flush, bud set, and height growth on linkage groups I to III of the composite map of white spruce assembled from both mapping populations P (♀ 80112 × ♂ 80109) and D (♀ 77111 × ♂ 2388). Genetic distances are indicated in cM (Kosambi) at the left of each linkage group. QTLs for bud flush, bud set and height growth are indicated by green, blue, and orange circles and bars, respectively. Thin and large vertical bars of each QTL correspond respectively to -1LOD and -2LOD confidence intervals and are positioned compared to marker position on central bar of each linkage group. Circles identify gene markers associated to each -1LOD confidence interval of each QTL. Note that because of the dense positioning of markers, physical position of circles and confidence intervals can not be plotted beside each other. QTL names correspond to environmental condition (indoor = AAFC or outdoor = VES), year and for bud flush and bud set, principal component identifying each QTL, i.e. PC1, PC2 or PC3 (Table 2). An asterisk was added for QTLs identified from total height growth in order to distinguish them to QTLs identified for annual height growth in 2006 for the cross D. Red stars indicate the correspondence between QTL-marker and outlier candidate gene SNPs involved in local adaption for white spruce [108].