Association genetics in Solanum tuberosum provides new insights into potato tuber bruising and enzymatic tissue discoloration

Table 3 Marker trait associations in the ALL population (P < 0.001)

Trait¹	Gene	Metabolism	Marker allele	Chromosome	Allele Effect	p value	Fr. (%)²
BI	Starch phosphorylase L-type	Starch	PHO1A-b	III	⁴↑ 17.8 ± 4	1.41·10^-5	12.4
			PHO1A-c	III	↑ 13.3 ± 3.3	6.3·10^-5	20.8
			PHO1A-a	III	↑ 20.6 ± 6	0.00070	7.1
	Lipase class III	Lipids	LIPIII-27-1h	II	↓ 15.8 ± 3.8	4.6·10^-5	80.4
	PPO isoform potpoloxA	Polyphenols	POLOXA	VIII	↑ 11.2 ± 3.1	0.00033	35.5
	4-coumarate CoA Ligase	Phenylpropanoids	4CL-1b	III	↓ 10.6 ± 2.7	0.00016	59.1
			4CL-2c	III	↓ 9.5 ± 2.8	0.00091	49.3
	non coding SSR	-	StI024-e	II	↓ 17.9 ± 5.1	0.00051	90.2
	non coding SSR	-	StI013-a	III	↑ 11.1 ± 3.2	0.00058	44.4
SG	Starch phosphorylase L-type	Starch	PHO1B-1b	V	↓ 1.35 ± 0.37	0.00036	30.6
			PHO1B-1a	V	↓ 1.20 ± 0.34	0.00051	63.1
	Starch phosphorylase L-type	Starch	PHO1A-b	III	↑ 1.60 ± 0.46	0.00070	12.4
	non coding SSR	-	StI024-e	II	↓ 2.06 ± 0.58	0.00047	90.2
	non coding SSR	-	StI013-a	III	↑ 1.36 ± 0.36	0.00023	44.4
	non coding SSR	-	SSR327-a	VIII	↑ 1.80 ± 0.48	0.00026	17.7
SCB	Lipase class III	Lipids	LIPIII-27-1h	II	↓ 10.3 ± 2.8	0.00028	80.4
	Hydroxycinnamoyl quinate CoA transferase	Polyphenols	HQT-c	VII	↓ 13.0 ± 3.3	0.00023	45.9
	PPO isoform pot32	Polyphenols	POT32PS1-Hpy-f	VIII	↓ 12.4 ± 3.4	0.00039	10.2
	PPO isoform potpoloxA	Polyphenols	POLOXA	VIII	↑ 7.8 ± 2.3	0.00064	35.5
TY	L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase	Ascorbate synthesis	GLDH-h	- ³	↓ 55.7 ± 14.2	0.00012	81.3
	Hydroxycinnamoyl quinate CoA transferase	Polyphenols	HQT-f	VII	↑ 35.9 ± 10.6	0.00084	54.7

¹ BI: bruising index; SG: specific gravity; SCB: starch corrected bruising; TY: tuber yield.
² Frequency of presence of the marker fragment in the ALL population.
³ Map position not known.
⁴ Direction of effect either positive (↑) or negative (↓).

ISSN: 1471-2164