Figure 2

Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum is altered in Manf mutants. An online coloured KEGG pathway scheme showing altered gene expression in red (upregulation), blue (downregulation), or purple (altered gene expression, differences between the two mutants) boxes. The unaltered known Drosophila homologues to identified components from other organisms are presented in green-filled boxes. The complete list of altered genes is summarised in Table 7. Notice the upregulation of genes encoding BiP/GRP78 chaperone binding proteins and components in ER leading to terminally misfolded protein degradation pathway. Out of the three branches of ER stress, IRE1 pathway leading to cell death shows upregulation in both mutants as PERK pathway is upregulated in maternal and zygotic Manf mutants.