Table 2 Core sporulation genes identified in the B. subtilis 168 genome

aprX

K

alkaline serine protease

bofA

E

inhibitor of the pro-σ^K processing machinery

cotI

K

spore coat protein

cotJB

E

component of the inner spore coat

cotJC

E

component of the inner spore coat

cotS

K

spore coat protein

csfB

F

anti-σ^G factor

cwlD

E, G

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase/germination

cwlJ

E

cell wall hydrolase/germination, cortex lytic

dacB

E

D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 5)

dacF

F, G

D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (penicilin-binding protein)

gerAA

F, G

component of the germination receptor GerA

gerAB

F, G

component of the germination receptor GerA

gerAC

F, G

component of the germination receptor GerA

gerBA

G

component of germinant receptor B

gerBB

G

component of germinant receptor B

gerBC

G

lipoprotein component of the germination receptor B

gerKA

G

spore germination receptor subunit

gerKB

G

spore germination receptor subunit

gerKC

G

spore germination receptor subunit

gpr

F, G

germination protease

jag

A

SpoIIIJ-associated RNA/ssDNA-binding protein

kamA

E

lysine 2,3-aminomutase

kapD

E,K

inhibitor of the KinA pathway to sporulation

lonB

F

ATP-dependent protease/forespore-specific

mmgC

E

short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

ntdA

E

biosynthesis of neotrehalosadiamine (amino-sugar antibiotic)/aminotransferase

pbpG

F, G

penicillin-binding protein (also known as ywhE)

pbpI

E, F

penicillin-binding protein PBP4B/mother cell specific

pdaA

G

exported N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase/cortex lysis

prkA

E

serine protein kinase/not well characterized

sigE

A, 0A

sporulation sigma factor/mother cell only

sigF

H, 0A

sporulation sigma factor/forespore only

sigG

F, G

sporulation sigma factor/forespore only

sigK

E, K

sporulation sigma factor/mother cell only

sleB

G

spore cortex-lytic enzyme

soj

A, 0A

chromosome partitioning protein/transcriptional regulator/negative regulation of sporulation initiation

splB

G

spore photoproduct (thymine dimer) lyase

spmA

E

spore maturation protein/spore dehydration

spmB

E

spore maturation protein/spore dehydration

spo0A

A, H, 0A

two-component response regulator central for the initiation of sporulation/"master regulator"

spo0F

H, 0A

two-component response regulator involved pathway leading to phosphorylation of Spo0A

spo0J

A

site-specific DNA-binding protein/chromosome positioning near the pole and transport through the polar septum/antagonist of Soj-dependent inhibition of sporulation initiation

spoIIAA

H, 0A

anti-anti-sigma factor (antagonist of SpoIIAB)

spoIIAB

H, 0A

anti-σ^F factor

spoIID

E

autolysin required for complete dissolution of the sporulation septum

spoIIE

A, 0A

serine phosphatase (σ^F activation)/polar septum formation

spoIIGA

A, 0A

protease processing pro-σ^E

spoIIIAA

E

ATP-binding stage III sporulation protein/mother cell signalling for σ^G activation

spoIIIAB

E

stage III sporulation protein/mother cell signalling for σ^G activation

spoIIIAC

E

stage III sporulation protein/mother cell signalling for σ^G activation

spoIIIAD

E

stage III sporulation protein/mother cell signalling for σ^G activation

spoIIIAE

E

stage III sporulation protein/mother cell signalling for σ^G activation

spoIIIAF

E

stage III sporulation protein/mother cell signalling for σ^G activation

spoIIIAG

E

stage III sporulation engulfment assembly protein/mother cell signalling for σ^G activation

spoIIIAH

E

stage III sporulation ratchet engulfment protein/mother cell signalling for σ^G activation

spoIIID

E

transcriptional regulator of σ^E and σ^K-dependent genes

spoIIIE

A

spore DNA translocase

spoIIIJ

A

protein translocase/essential for activation of σ^G

spoIIM

E

autolysin for dissolution of the septal cell wall

spoIIP

E, F, G

spore autolysin

spoIIR

F

endopeptidase/activation of σ^E

spoIVA

E

morphogenetic protein required for proper spore cortex formation and coat assembly

spoIVB

F, G, 0A

regulatory membrane-associated serine protease/intercompartmental signalling of pro-σ^K processing and activation in the mother-cell

spoIVFB

E

membrane metalloprotease required for the processing of pro-σ^K

spoVAA

G

dipicolinic acid uptake by the developing spore

spoVAB

G

dipicolinic acid uptake by the developing spore

spoVAC

G

dipicolinic acid uptake by the developing spore

spoVAD

G

dipicolinic acid uptake by the developing spore

spoVAEB

G

dipicolinic acid uptake by the developing spore

spoVAF

G

dipicolinic acid uptake by the developing spore

spoVB

E

spore cortex synthesis

spoVD

E

penicillin-binding protein

spoVE

E

spore cortex peptidoglycan synthesis

spoVFA

K

spore dipicolinate synthase subunit A

spoVFB

K

spore dipicolinate synthase subunit B

spoVR

E

spore cortex synthesis

spoVS

H

regulator required for dehydration of the spore core and assembly of the coat

spoVT

F, G

transcriptional regulator of σ^G-dependent genes

spsF

K

putative glycosyltransferase/spore coat polysaccharide synthesis

spsG

E, K

putative glycosyltransferase/spore coat polysaccharide synthesis

spsJ

E, K

putative dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase/spore coat polysaccharide synthesis

sspA

G

small acid-soluble spore protein (alpha-type SASP)

sspB

G

small acid-soluble spore protein (beta-type SASP)

sspC

G

small acid-soluble spore protein (alpha/beta-type SASP)/SPβ phage protein

sspD

G

small acid-soluble spore protein (alpha/beta-type SASP)

sspF

G

small acid-soluble spore protein (alpha/beta-type SASP)

tlp

F, G

small acid-soluble spore protein

yaaH

E

spore peptidoglycan hydrolase

yabG

K

sporulation-specific protease

yabP

E

spore protein involved in the shaping of the spore coat

yabQ

E

membrane protein of the forespore/essential for spore cortex

ybaN

E

polysaccharide deacetylase involved in sporulation

ybdM

G

putative protein kinase

ycgF

E

putative amino acid export permease

ydfS

K, G

hypothetical protein

ydhD

E

spore cortex lytic enzyme

yerB

0A

putative lipoprotein

yfkQ

G

putative spore germination protein

yfkR

G

putative spore germination protein

yfkT

G

putative spore germination integral inner membrane protein

yfnG

K

putative sugar-phosphate cytidylyltransferase

yfnH

K

putative FAD-dependent oxido-reductase

ygaK

K

putative FAD-dependent oxido-reductase

yhbH

E

hypothetical protein

yhcB

G

putative oxidoreductase associated

yhcV

G

putative oxidoreductase

yhfW

F

putative Rieske [2Fe-2S] oxygenase

yisY

E

putative hydrolase

ykuD

K

murein transglycosylase

ykuS

F

hypothetical protein

ykvU

E

spore membrane protein involved in germination

ylaK

E

putative phosphate starvation inducible protein

ylbB

F

putative oxidoreductase

ylbJ

E

putative factor required for spore cortex formation

ymxH

E

hypothetical protein

yndD

G

putative spore germination protein

yndE

G

putative spore germination integral inner membrane protein

yndF

G

putative spore germination lipoprotein

yngE

E

putative propionyl-CoA carboxylase

yngI

E

AMP-binding domain protein

yngJ

E

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain specific

yoaR

G

putative factor for cell wall maintenance or synthesis

yobN

E

putative amine oxidase

ypeB

G

spore membrane component

yqfC

E

hypothetical protein

yqfD

E

stage IV sporulation protein

yqgT

E

putative gamma-D-glutamyl-L-diamino acid endopeptidase

yqhO

E

hypothetical protein

yraD

G

putative spore coat protein

yrbG

E, G

hypothetical protein

yrkC

K

putative dioxygenase; cupin family

ytcA

K

putative UDP-glucose dehydrogenase

ytcC

K

putative glucosyltransferase

ytfJ

F

hypothetical protein

ytlA

K

putative ABC transporter component

ytlC

K

putative ABC transporter component, ATP-binding

ytlD

K

putative permease of ABC transporter

ytvI

E

putative permease

ytxC

E

hypothetical protein

yunB

E, K

putative protein involved in spore formation

yutH

F

spore coat-associated protein

ywjD

G

putative UV damage endonuclease

yyaC

F

hypothetical protein

yyaE

E

putative oxidoreductase

yyaO

K

hypothetical protein

yyBI

E

inner spore coat protein