Table 2 Substrates converted by Arthrobacter sp. Rue61a
Carbon source, concentration | Prediction from genome | Growth in mineral medium/comments |
|---|---|---|
Aromatic compounds | ||
Benzoate, 2 mM | incomplete | – |
2-Nitrobenzoate, 2 mM | absent | – |
Anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate), 2 mM | present, CoA thioester pathway | + |
3-Hydroxyanthranilate (2-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate), 2 mM | absent | –/cometabolic conversion |
5-Hydroxyanthranilate (2-amino-5-hydroxybenzoate), 2 mM | n.s. | –/cometabolic conversion |
Salicylate (2-hydroxybenzoate), 2 mM | absent | – |
3-Hydroxybenzoate, 2 mM | n.s. | – |
4-Hydroxybenzoate, 2 mM | present, via protocatechuate | + |
Gentisate (2,5-dihydroxybenzoate), 2 mM | n.s. | – |
Protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate), 2 mM | present, ortho pathway | + |
Vanillate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate), 2 mM | present | + |
Phenylethylamine, 2 mM | incomplete | – |
Phenylacetate, 2 mM | incomplete | –/cometabolic conversion |
4-Hydroxyphenylacetate, 2 mM | present, via homoprotocatechuate | + |
Homoprotocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate), 2 mM | present, meta pathway | + |
Tyrosine, 2 mM | present, via 4-hydroxyphenylacetate and homoprotocatechuate | + |
4-Hydroxymandelate [2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate], 2 mM | incomplete | – |
Phenol, 1 mM | incomplete; possible monooxygenation | –/no hydroxylation to catechol |
Catechol, 1 mM | incomplete | –/cometabolic conversion to cis,cis-muconate within 1–2 days (cells pre-grown with protocatechuate) or 4–5 days (cells grown on other C sources)* |
Styrene (ethenylbenzene), 1 mM | incomplete | –/cometabolic conversion |
Biphenyl, 2 mM | incomplete | – |
4-Phenoxybenzoate, 1 mM | n.s. | – |
* by resting cells (OD600 nm ~20) pre-grown in MM supplemented with glucose as carbon source (0.5%), or with glucose plus 1 mM or 2 mM of either benzoate, anthranilate, biphenyl, homoprotocatechuate, protocatechuate, or catechol. | ||
N - Heterocyclic compounds | ||
Hypoxanthine and xanthine, 2 mM | present | + |
Quinaldine (2-methylquinoline), 2 mM | present | + |
1H-4-Oxoquinaldine, 1 mM | present | + |
1H-3-Hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine, 1 mM | present | + |
Sugars (and - derivatives) | ||
Glucose, 0.25% and 0.5% | present | + |
Fructose, 0.5% | present | + |
Galactose, 0.5% | present | + |
L-Arabinose, 0.5% | present | + |
Mannose, 0.5% | present | + |
Ribose, 0.5% | present | + |
Rhamnose, 0.5% | incomplete | + |
Xylose, 0.5% | present | + |
Lactose, 0.25% | present | + |
Sucrose, 0.25% | present | + |
Trehalose, 0.25% | possibly via maltose | + |
Maltose, 0.25% | n.s. | + |
D-Glucosamine, 0.5% | present | + |
N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosamine, 0.5% | present | + |
Alcohols and carboxylic acids | ||
Ethanol (0.5% and 1%) | present | + |
Glycerol (1%) | present | + |
2-Chloroacetate, 1 mM, 3 mM, 10 mM | n.s. | – |
Acetate, 1 mM, 3 mM | present | + |
Glycolate (2-hydroxyethanoic acid), 10 mM | absent | – |
Glyoxylate, 10 mM | present | + |
Pyruvate, 40 mM | present | + |
Glutarate, 10 mM | absent | – |
D-Gluconate, 0.5% | present | + |
Lipids | ||
Triacylglycerides: Tributyrin | absent | –/no zones of clearing on tributyrin plates |
Monoacylglycerides: 1-Oleyl-rac-glycerol, 2 mM | present | + |
Natural polymers | ||
Starch | present | +/growth and zones of clearing on starch plates |
Pectin | n.s. | – |
Lichenin | n.s. | – |
Carboxymethylcellulose | n.s. | – |
Chitin | n.s. | – |
Protein | present | +/growth and zones of clearing on skim milk plates |
Amines , amides and related compounds | ||
Choline (N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium chloride), 0.2% | via glycine betaine | + |
Glycine betaine (2-trimethylammonioacetate), 0.5% | incomplete | + |
Creatinine (2-amino-1-methyl-5H-imidazol-4-one), 0.2% | absent | – |
Creatine [2-(1-methylcarbamimidamido)acetate], 0.2% | present, via sarcosine | + |
Sarcosine [2-(methylamino)acetic acid], 0.5% | present | + |
Putrescine (butane-1,4-diamine), 5 mM | present, via 4-aminobutyrate | + |
Agmatine [N-(4-aminobutyl)guanidine sulfate], 15 mM | incomplete, via putrescine | + |
Allantoin [(2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea], 0.2% | incomplete | + |
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), 10 mM | incomplete | – |
Nitrogen sources | Prediction from genome | Growth in mineral medium with glucose |
Urea, 0.2% | present | + |
Allantoin [(2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea], 0.02%, 0.2% | incomplete | + |
Creatine [2-(methylguanidino)ethanoic acid], 0.2% | present | + |
Putrescine (butane-1,4-diamine), 5 mM | present | + |
Agmatine [N-(4-aminobutyl)guanidine sulfate], 5 mM | incomplete | + |
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), 5 mM | absent | – |
Sulfur source | Prediction from genome | Growth in mineral medium with glucose |
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), 1 mM | sulfite formation by taurine dioxygenase | + |