Table 2 List of the top 10 genes with the greatest increase in expression post infection in milk somatic cells due to intra-mammary infection with S. aureus
Gene symbol | Gene name | Primary functions | Log fold change |
|---|---|---|---|
T4 | |||
PTX3 | Pentraxin 3, long | regulation of innate resistance to pathogens, inflammatory reactions, possibly clearance of self-components and female fertility | 5.6 |
PLEK | Pleckstrin | Major protein kinase C substrate of platelets | 4.4 |
IRF1 | interferon regulatory factor 1 | binds to the upstream regulatory region of type I IFN and IFN-inducible MHC class I genes (the interferon consensus sequence (ICS)) and activates those genes. Acts as a tumor suppressor | 4.3 |
NCF1 | neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 | activation of the latent NADPH oxidase (necessary for superoxide production) | 4.0 |
SLC2A6 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 6 | Facilitative glucose transporter; binds cytochalasin B with low affinity | 3.9 |
BASP1 | brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1 | encodes a membrane bound protein with several transient phosphorylation sites and PEST motifs | 3.9 |
CYTH4 | cytohesin 4 | Promotes guanine-nucleotide exchange on ARF1 and ARF5. Promotes the activation of ARF through replacement of GDP with GTP | 3.9 |
TNFAIP6 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6 | involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during inflammation and tumorigenesis | 3.8 |
COL3A1 | collagen, type III, alpha 1 | Collagen type III occurs in most soft connective tissues along with type I collagen | 3.8 |
BATF3 | basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 3 | negative regulator of AP-1-mediated transcription by heterodimerizing with JUN and binding DNA at 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response elements (TRE) (consensus: 5′-TGA[CG]TCA-3′). Represses IL2 and MMP1 promoter activities | 3.7 |
T5 | |||
PTX3 | Pentraxin 3, long | regulation of innate resistance to pathogens, inflammatory reactions, possibly clearance of self-components and female fertility | 5.3 |
S100A9 | S100 calcium binding protein A9 | Calcium-binding protein. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi. Important for resistance to invasion by pathogenic bacteria. Up-regulates transcription of genes that are under the control of NF-kappa-B. Plays a role in the development of endotoxic shock in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (By similarity). Promotes tubulin polymerization when unphosphorylated. Promotes phagocyte migration and infiltration of granulocytes at sites of wounding. Plays a role as a pro-inflammatory mediator in acute and chronic inflammation and up-regulates the release of IL8 and cell-surface expression of ICAM1. Extracellular calprotectin binds to target cells and promotes apoptosis. Antimicrobial and proapoptotic activity is inhibited by zinc ions | 3.8 |
ICAM1 | intercellular adhesion molecule 1 | During leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, ICAM1 engagement promotes the assembly of endothelial apical cups through ARHGEF26/SGEF and RHOG activation. In case of rhinovirus infection acts as a cellular receptor for the virus | 3.7 |
SOD2 | superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial | Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems | 3.5 |
PLEK | Pleckstrin | Major protein kinase C substrate of platelets | 3.4 |
S100A8 | S100 calcium binding protein A8 | Calcium-binding protein. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi. Important for resistance to invasion by pathogenic bacteria. Up-regulates transcription of genes that are under the control of NF-kappa-B. Plays a role in the development of endotoxic shock in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (By similarity). Promotes tubulin polymerization. Promotes phagocyte migration and infiltration of granulocytes at sites of wounding. Plays a role as pro-inflammatory mediator in acute and chronic inflammation and up-regulates the release of IL8 and cell-surface expression of ICAM1. Extracellular calprotectin binds to target cells and promotes apoptosis. Antimicrobial and proapoptotic activity is inhibited by zinc ions | 3.4 |
DNAJB6 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 6 | Plays an indispensable role in the organization of KRT8/KRT18 filaments. Acts as an endogenous molecular chaperone for neuronal proteins including huntingtin. Has a stimulatory effect on the ATPase activity of HSP70 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and hence acts as a co-chaperone of HSP70. Reduces huntingtin aggregation associated with HD. Also reduces cellular toxicity and caspase-3 activity | 3.2 |
TNFAIP6 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6 | involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during inflammation and tumorigenesis | 3.1 |
NCF4 | neutrophil cytosolic factor 4, 40kDa | Component of the NADPH-oxidase, a multicomponent enzyme system responsible for the oxidative burst in which electrons are transported from NADPH to molecular oxygen, generating reactive oxidant intermediates. It may be important for the assembly and/or activation of the NADPH-oxidase complex | 3.1 |
STEAP4 | STEAP family member 4 | Metalloreductase that has the ability to reduce both Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) and Cu(2+) to Cu(1+). Uses NAD(+) as acceptor. Play a role in systemic metabolic homeostasis, integrating inflammatory and metabolic responses (By similarity). Associated with obesity and insulin-resistance. Involved in inflammatory arthritis, through the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Inhibits anchorage-independent cell proliferation | 3.1 |