Figure 4

Metabolic pathways for oxidation of glycerol , 1 , 3 - propanediol , 1 , 2 - ethanediol , ethanolamine , choline and ethanol by P . carbinolicus . Each of these substrates is converted to acetaldehyde, which is either oxidized to acetyl-CoA to yield energy by substrate-level phosphorylation or reduced to ethanol to dispose of NADH or oxidized to acetate to supply doubly reduced ferredoxin (Fd2e).