Figure 1

Effect of prenatal application of kinoprene on the type of embryonic ovaries. Acetone or kinoprene dissolved in acetone were topically applied to sexuparae individuals, 24 h after the fourth instar molt. Progeny batches were collected after initiation of larviposition, for five days every 24 h. The reproductive phenotypes of the progeny were determined and the percentage of each morph (asexual females, ambiphasic females that contain a mixture of eggs and embryos, sexual females and males) is indicated. In control conditions (acetone), sexuparae sequentially produced sexual females and males: only sexual females were produced during the first three days after the onset of larviposition; males appeared the fourth day. Sexuparae treated with kinoprene produced exclusively parthenogenetic progeny the first day after the onset of larviposition. On day two, almost all the progeny were parthenogenetic. On day three, the majority of the progeny were still parthenogenetic. On days four and five, sexual morphs represented the majority of the progeny.