Figure 6
From: Globin gene expression in correlation with G protein-related genes during erythroid differentiation
Induction of gamma-globin gene expression via GPCR signaling and NO-cGMP pathway. Stimulation of GPCRs (PTGDR and PTGER1) in the plasma membrane leads to activation of NO-cGMP pathway via G proteins that connect the receptors to enzymes adenylyl cyclase or ionic conductance channels generating second messengers’ cAMP and Ca2+. PKA – cAMP dependent protein kinase; CaM – calmodulin; CRE - cAMP response element; (+p) phosphorylation, → stimulation, →O - translocation, ▲- experimentally documented hydroxycarbamide induction.