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Table 1 List of genes required for full virulence in vivo that are induced after acid shock at 25 and 37°C

From: Acid shock of Listeria monocytogenes at low environmental temperatures induces prfA, epithelial cell invasion, and lethality towards Caenorhabditis elegans

Locus

Gene

Functional annotation or prediction

Commentsa

T

Min after acid shock

Adaptationb

     

15

30

60

120

 

Induced after acid shock at both 25°C and 37°C.

lmo0137

 

ABC transporter

Required for full virulence in mice [24]

25°C

4.0

5.0

5.8

9.5

0.8

37°C

19.2

5.7

7.9

6.3

n.a.

lmo0264

inlE

InlE, internalin E

Required for full virulence in mice [25]

25°C

1.9

5.7

14.4

9.5

0.5

37°C

5.7

6.5

4.2

2.2

1*

lmo0433

inlA

InlA, internalin A

Required for host cell entry in vivo[26], PrfA-regulated [27]and σB[28]

25°C

1*

4.6

6.5

4.4

1*

37°C

2.7

2.8

2.4

1*

2.3

lmo0434

inlB

InlB, internalin B

Required for host cell entry in vivo[26], σB-regulated [28]

25°C

1*

3.3

10.9

1*

0.7

37°C

3.8

7.1

4.0

1*

1*

lmo0515

 

Universal stress protein

Important for growth in vivo[29]

25°C

4.0

11.3

19.2

18.6

0.3

37°C

9.3

10.4

10.3

4.1

1*

lmo0931

lplA1

Lipoate protein ligase A

Aborted replication in macrophages and in vivo[30]

25°C

1*

1*

1.7

2.3

1.5

37°C

1.9

2.1

2.4

2.5

1*

lmo1295

hfq

RNA-binding protein

Contributes to virulence [31]

25°C

1*

2.1

3.4

2.8

0.6

37°C

1*

3.7

2.8

1.7

1*

lmo1377

lisR

TCS response regulator

Contributes to virulence [11, 32]

25°C

1*

0.9

1.7

2.9

1*

37°C

1*

1*

2.0

2.0

1.3

lmo1580

 

Universal stress protein

Important for growth in vivo[29]

25°C

3.5

7.1

7.7

7.6

1*

37°C

4.8

3.0

1.9

1*

2.0

lmo1683

perR

Transcription regulator (Fur family), PerR in B. subtilis

Mutant is attenuated in mice [33]

25°C

1*

2.6

3.5

5.4

1*

37°C

1.6

4.0

5.1

4.6

2.3

lmo2067

bsh c

Bile salt hydrolase

PrfA- [34] and σB-regulated [35], necessary for gastrointestinal persistence [36] and virulence [37]

25°C

3.1

7.1

9.1

7.0

0.4

37°C

(7.6)

(3.0)

(3.0)

(2.1)

(2.8)

lmo2157

sepA

Hypothetical protein

Intracellularly up regulated [38, 39], deletion decreases virulence [40]

25°C

1*

2.8

5.9

5.4

1*

37°C

3.2

5.0

4.3

1.6

1*

lmo2468

clpP

ATP-dependent Clp protease, proteolytic subunit

Required for full virulence [41] and induced intracellularly [38]

25°C

1.4

1.9

4.1

6.4

1*

37°C

2.9

4.1

2.9

2.3

1.5

lmo2515

degU

Response regulator

Contributes to virulence [42]

25°C

0.9

0.9

2.0

3.0

1*

37°C

1*

2.3

2.9

1.9

1*

lmo2673

 

Universal stress protein

Important for growth in vivo[29]

25°C

1.9

6.7

13.8

12.6

0.6

37°C

5.0

5.2

3.4

3.8

1*

Induced after acid shock at 25°C, but not at 37°C

lmo0641

frvA

Fur-regulated virulence factor

A putative P-type ATPase required for virulence [43]

25°C

2.5

5.9

6.2

4.9

2.4

lmo0754

btlB

Bile acid 7-α-dehydratase

Important for intestinal persistence [36]

25°C

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.5

1*

lmo1773

purB

Adenylosuccinate lyase

Mutants attenuated for systemic infection in mice [44]

25°C

1.0

0.9

2.4

1*

1*

Induced after acid shock at 37°C, but not at 25°C

lmo0153

zinA

Zinc ABC transporter, Zn-binding

Contributes to full virulence in vivo[45]

37°C

1*

1*

1.85

2.28

1.38

lmo1829

fbpA

Homologies to atypical fibronectin-binding proteins

Increases adherence, required for intestinal and liver colonization [46]

37°C

1*

2.0

1.8

2.3

1*

  1. Fold induction values: The integer digits (up regulated genes) or the first post decimal digit (down regulated genes) is significant (p < 0.05).
  2. n.a.: data not available; T, temperature.
  3. 1*: No significant difference (p > 0.05) between experiment and control; the value was therefore set to 1.
  4. aComments are based on the given reference(s).
  5. bThe pH for adaptation was 5.2 instead of 5.0 as for all other time points, to allow for significant growth at low pH.
  6. cThe 37°C values for bsh did not pass the quality threshold due to insufficient number of independent data points; the data available are in brackets.