Table 2 Phenotypic mean, rage and SD of secondary metabolite and yield traits quantified in the progeny of two hop mapping crosses: (i) Hallertauer Magnum × S.B.L. 2/1, grown in Slovenia; and (ii) Nugget × S.B.L. 3/3, grown in New Zealand
Chemical group | Trait | Units | Mean | Min | Max | SD | Population | Measurement years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hop acid | α-acid | α-acid (LCV measure) | % of dry hop cone weight | 8.29 | 2.75 | 15.32 | 2.17 | Slovenia | 2002-2006 |
α-acid | % of dry hop cone weight | 5.98 | 2.03 | 9.80 | 1.46 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
humulone + adhumulone | % of dry hop cone weight | 4.47 | 1.60 | 7.87 | 1.14 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
cohumulone | % of dry hop cone weight | 1.50 | 0.42 | 2.84 | 0.44 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
cohumulone (% of α-acid) | % of α-acid | 25.25 | 17.53 | 34.71 | 4.18 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
β-acid | β-acid | % of dry hop cone weight | 2.17 | 0.74 | 4.39 | 0.65 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
lupulone + adlupulone | % of dry hop cone weight | 1.10 | 0.38 | 2.17 | 0.33 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
colupulone | % of dry hop cone weight | 1.07 | 0.36 | 2.32 | 0.35 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
colupulone (% of β-acid) | % of β-acid | 48.99 | 41.63 | 57.62 | 3.55 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
ratio | α-acid:β-acid | ratio of α-acid to β-acid | 2.82 | 1.85 | 3.86 | 0.46 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
essential oil | ester | geranyl acetate | % of total essential oil | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.14 | New Zealand | 2009 |
geranyl isobutyrate | % of total essential oil | 0.42 | 0.00 | 2.55 | 0.35 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
methyl decanoate | % of total essential oil | 0.29 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.09 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
methyl dec-4-enoate | % of total essential oil | 1.24 | 0.26 | 3.33 | 0.55 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
methyl-4-methylhex-2-enoate | % of total essential oil | 0.37 | 0.00 | 1.62 | 0.27 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
ketone | 2-undecanone | % of total essential oil | 0.33 | 0.06 | 0.87 | 0.19 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
ether | humulene diepoxide a | % of total essential oil | 0.50 | 0.00 | 2.37 | 0.39 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
humulene epoxide I | % of total essential oil | 0.29 | 0.00 | 1.41 | 0.21 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
humulene epoxide II | % of total essential oil | 0.66 | 0.19 | 2.84 | 0.41 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
humulene epoxide III | % of total essential oil | 0.74 | 0.12 | 2.54 | 0.43 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
monoterpene alcohol | geraniol | % of total essential oil | 0.78 | 0.09 | 2.92 | 0.39 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
limonene-10-ol | % of total essential oil | 0.29 | 0.00 | 1.94 | 0.25 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
linalool | % of total essential oil | 0.43 | 0.00 | 1.02 | 0.21 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
sesquiterpene alcohol | caryolan-1-ol | % of total essential oil | 0.35 | 0.00 | 1.15 | 0.19 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
humulenol II | % of total essential oil | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.29 | 0.08 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
humulol | % of total essential oil | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 0.10 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
t-cadinol | % of total essential oil | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.13 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
alkane | tetradecane | % of total essential oil | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.05 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
monoterpene | β-pinene | % of total essential oil | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.16 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
camphene | % of total essential oil | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.07 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
limonene | % of total essential oil | 0.68 | 0.00 | 3.42 | 0.48 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
myrcene | % of total essential oil | 28.47 | 1.13 | 59.65 | 0.30 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
ρ-cymene | % of total essential oil | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.65 | 13.86 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
terpinene | % of total essential oil | 0.47 | 0.00 | 2.72 | 0.09 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
sesquiterpene | α-capaene | % of total essential oil | 0.32 | 0.00 | 0.65 | 0.13 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
α-selinene | % of total essential oil | 1.21 | 0.34 | 2.91 | 0.52 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
β-selinene | % of total essential oil | 0.47 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.20 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
δ-cadinene | % of total essential oil | 0.70 | 0.09 | 3.24 | 0.54 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
γ-cadinene | % of total essential oil | 1.58 | 0.00 | 3.73 | 0.86 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
caryophyllene | % of total essential oil | 12.37 | 4.64 | 22.80 | 3.90 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
caryophyllene oxide | % of total essential oil | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 0.12 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
farnesene | % of total essential oil | 7.29 | 0.06 | 28.13 | 7.66 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
humulene | % of total essential oil | 29.70 | 9.90 | 55.92 | 9.29 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
muurolene | % of total essential oil | 0.92 | 0.29 | 1.74 | 0.79 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||
ratio | humulene:caryophyllene | ratio of humulene to caryophyllene | 2.50 | 1.36 | 3.55 | 0.66 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
poly-phenol | poly-phenol | xanthohumol | % of dry hop cone weight | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.51 | 0.46 | New Zealand | 2009 |
secondary metabolites | essential oil content | ml of oil per 100 g of hop cone tissue | 0.64 | 0.17 | 1.71 | 0.08 | New Zealand | 2009 | |
yield | cones | cone harvest index | ratio of cone weight to whole plant weight | 0.31 | 0.11 | 1.27 | 0.20 | Slovenia | 2002-2006 |
dry cone weight | kg of dry cones per plant | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.08 | Slovenia | 2002-2006 | ||
green cone weight | kg green cones per plant | 1.54 | 0.30 | 3.35 | 0.64 | New Zealand | 2009 | ||