Figure 3

Changes in phospholipids and related metabolites indicate rapid and extensive membrane remodeling and lipid release in infested resistant plants. The ordinate of a graph shows the relative intensity (scaled intensity) of an intermediate in MS detection. NR_12 and NR_72 in the abscissa indicate samples from non-resistant wheat plants (susceptible Newton) at 12 and 72 h, respectively, after Hessian fly infestation, whereas R_12 and R_72 indicate samples from resistant plants (Molly seedlings) at these two time points. Green bars in a graph indicate un-infested controls, whereas blue bars indicate infested samples. Within a bar, the symbol ‘+’ indicates mean value and the symbol ‘▯’ indicates median value. The top and bottom boundaries of a bar represent upper quartile and lower quartile, respectively. The upper and lower lines above and below a bar indicate maximum and minimum distributions, respectively. The graphs on the left side of the figure show decreased abundance of four membrane lipids in infested resistant plants. The four lipids are 1-linoleoyl-glycerophosphoethamine (1-linoleoyl-GPE) (18:2), 2-oleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (2-oleoyl-GPC) (18:1), 1-oleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (1-oleoyl-GPC) (18:1), and 1-palmitoyl-glycerophosphocholine (1-palmitoyl-GPC) (16:0). The graphs in the middle show increased abundance of four intermediates in the lipid metabolic pathway, including glycerol, glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P), glycerophosphoethanolamine, and glycerophosphoyrlcholine (GPC). The graphs on the right show increased abundance of four fatty acids or their derivatives in infested resistant plants, including 9,10-epoxyoctadec-12(z)-enoic acid, 2-hydroxypalmitate, 8-hydroxyoctanoate, and palmitate (16:0). More data are given in Table S5.