Figure 5

Up-regulation of phenylpropanoid-related genes is associated with elevated accumulation of phenylpropanoids in infested resistant plants. The chemical pathway for converting phenylalanine into various phenylpropanoids is shown in the middle of the figure along with the enzyme in each step. The fold changes in abundance of transcripts encoding these respective enzymes are shown in the left along with the number of probe sets that detected the changes. The relative concentration of two representative phenylpropanoids, 4-hydroxy-cinnamate and vanillin, are shown in the two graphs on the right side of the figure. For the two graphs, the ordinate shows the relative intensity (scaled intensity) of the intermediate in MS detection. NR_12 and NR_72 in the abscissa indicate samples from non-resistant wheat plants (susceptible Newton) at 12 and 72 h, respectively, after Hessian fly infestation, whereas R_12 and R_72 indicate samples from resistant plants (Molly seedlings) at these two time points. Green bars in a graph indicate un-infested controls, whereas blue bars indicate infested samples. Within a bar, the symbol ‘+’ indicates mean value and the symbol ‘—’ indicates median value. The top and bottom boundaries of a bar represent upper quartile and lower quartile, respectively. The upper and lower lines above and below a bar indicate maximum and minimum distributions, respectively.