Figure 3

Gene expression associated essential pathways correlated with phases of human growth. The genes from the three development-related clusters; ≤6 yrs [Infancy, Early Childhood]; >6 to ≤17 yrs [Late Childhood, Puberty] and >17 yrs [Adult, Final Height] and were used to generate inferred networks from the human interactome using the Biogrid Cytoscape plugin; the top 10% of “hubs” and “bottlenecks” within the network were identified using the Cytohubba algorithm and used to generate minimal essential networks (shown). Pathway associations were assigned using the Reactome database [27–29]. Growth factor and organismal growth signalling pathway ontology defined from differential gene expression (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) was correlated with the minimal essential networks and the resultant gene expression associated essential pathways tabulated (hypergeometric test, Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction [FDR]).