Table 3 Down-regulated gene functions in cell cultures at 12 ^th passage as compared to cells at 4 ^th passage

TP53 NODE

TP53

Major tumor protein suppressor

Cell cycle; Apoptosis; Senescence

[41, 42]

UBE2D3

Member of E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme family

Protein degradation machinery

[43]

MAP2K3

Protein kinase activated by environmental stress

Gene expression regulation; Mitosis; Cellular differentiation; Cellular proliferation; Apoptosis; Senescence

[44]

ZHX1

Zing finger and homeoboxes gene family

Maintenance of TP53 gene silencing

[45]

XPO1

Exportin 1

Protein trafficking; Localization of cyclin b; Localization of MPAK; Nuclear export of TP53

[46]

PIN1

Phosphorylation-dependent prolyne isomerase

Cellular differentiation; Cellular proliferation; Immune response; Mitosis

[47, 48]

CDC27

Component of anaphase promoting complex

Mitosis; Ubiquitination

[49]

ANAPC2

Anaphase promoting complex

Cell cycle control; Ubiquitination

[50]

Cell cycle regulation and differentiation

TYMS

Thymidylate syntase

DNA replication and repair; Mitosis

[51]

FGFR3

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3

Mitosis; MSCs differentiation

[52, 53]

NCAPD2

Subunit of condensin I

Mitosis; Proliferation

[54, 55]

MITF

Transcription factor

Cell cycle regulation; Gene expression; Differentiation

[56–58]

Oxidative stress response

RPS3

Ribosomal protein (40s subunit)

DNA damage repair; Kinase activity on NFkB complex

[59]

NFE2L2

Human basic leucine zipper transcription factor

Oxidative stress response

[60]

HSP1

Heat-shock protein 1

Protein folding

[61–63]

NFkB signalling

IKBKG

Regulatory subunit of IKK complex

NFkB activation

[64]

MYL5

Myosin light chain

NFkB activation

[65, 66]

Apoptosis

SLC6A4

Membrane serotonin transporter

Apoptosis

[67]

Histonic modification

HAT1

Histone acetyltransferase B

Histone acetylation; Aging; Cellular differentiation

[68]

HIST1H3C

Member of Histone H3 family

Transcriptional regulation; Cellular differentiation

[69]