Figure 10
Model of a signalling cascade for oak’s constitutive and induced defence response. The model of the cascade is derived from a model recently published by Arimura et al.[32]. A: In the unfed control, the cascade is expected to be triggered by some 'damaged-self’ oligosaccharids (OS; grey circles) acting as elicitors activated by constitutively expressed cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE; higher expressed in T-oaks than in S-oaks). B: Feeding by the leaf chewing insect T. viridana induces the release of herbivore-derived OS (green circles; elicitors) as well as of 'damaged-self’ OS and therefore initiates the cascade. The cascade itself is the same for the constitutive and induced defence response with different expression of transcripts in T- and S-oaks. Red squares represent transcripts stronger expressed in T-oaks and blue squares represent transcripts with higher expression in S-oaks. Transcripts assigned to the following MapMan BINs are presented: cellulases and beta -1,4-glucanases (CWDEs) belonging to cell wall degradation, jasmonate (JAs) related to hormone metabolism, proteasome (Proteasome) belonging to protein degradation, isoprenoids (Terpenes) and flavonoids (Flavonoids) related to secondary metabolism, ERF transcription factor family (ERF, ethylene-responsive factors), WRKY transcription factors (WRKY) belonging to regulation of transcription, histone (Histone) related to DNA synthesis/chromatin structure. Abbreviations: ACS, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate; JAZ, jasmonate ZIM-domain; OS, oligosaccharids (elicitors); ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCF, SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFCOI1.