Figure 3

Gene expression of reference and resistant embryos exposed to PAH-surrogate chemicals. A) Heat map of significant genes reflecting all pairwise comparisons (p < 0.01) between reference and resistant embryos. Hierarchical clustering of the treatments (gene tree) is shown on the bottom of the heat map. Red indicates relative high expression levels and green represents low expression levels. B) Expression of 105 genes differs significantly (Mixed model ANOVA, p < 0.01) due to the effect of embryo morphology among reference and resistant embryos. Genes are clustered based on morphology scores, shown across the top of the heat map. Embryo morphology score was based on a 1–5 scale, 1 representing no deformities, 2-mild, 3-moderate, 4-severe, and 5-extreme, respectively. Subset of genes differentially expressed among severely deformed embryos relative to other treatment groups is shown to the right of the heat map. Red indicates high expression levels and green represents low expression levels.