Chronic parasitization by Nosema microsporidia causes global expression changes in core nutritional, metabolic and behavioral pathways in honey bee workers (Apis mellifera)

Table 8 Expression patterns of select candidate genes regulating metabolism, development and immunity

Function	Candidate genes	AM ID	Flybase ID	Control: Nosema	Nurse: Forager	Rich: Poor
Insulin signaling, metabolism and behavioral maturation	Insulin-like peptide 2	AM00001	FBgn0044050	Control	Nurseǂ	Richǂ
	PDK1	AM08362	FBgn0020386	Nosema	Forager	NR
	Akt1	AM08268	FBgn0010379	Control	NR	NR
	Foxo	AM06472, AM04383*	FBgn0038197	Nosema	NR	Poor
	Lipase-1	AM03164	FBgn0032264	Control	Nurse	Rich
	Lipid storage droplet 2	AM11728	FBgn0030608	Control	Foragerǂ	NRǂ
	Cpt1	AM11065	FBgn0027842	Control	Nurseǂ	Richǂ
	Usp	AM09226	FBgn0003964	Nosema	NR	NR
	Gigas	AM06808	FBgn0005198	Control	NR	NR
	Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase	AM03396	FBgn0010053	Control	Nurseǂ	Richǂ
	Juvenile hormone esterase	AM07915	FBgn0010052	Control	Nurseǂ	Richǂ
	Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1	AM05412	FBgn0027560	Nosema	Forager	Rich
	Venus kinase receptor	AM08479	No orthologue	Nosema	Forager	NR
Immunity	ECSIT	AM11800	FBgn0028436	Control	NR	Rich
Immunity	Pelle	AM08978	FBgn0010441	Control	Forager	Rich

*AM04383 was only significantly regulated in this study.
ǂData from qRT-PCR [43].
Directional expression of candidate genes was compared between this study (control:co-infected workers, 14 days pi) and expression in nurses versus foragers and workers fed on rich versus poor diets obtained from microarrays or quantitative real-time PCR [43]. Treatment names in the table indicate upregulation of a given transcript in the assigned treatment group relative to the other experimental group. NR indicates that no significant regulation was identified between groups.

ISSN: 1471-2164