Figure 6

Expression levels of genes coding for putative T. urticae antifreeze proteins. qPCR quantification of expression levels of putative AFP genes in T. urticae. Green, orange and blue bars represent the relative mean expression in non-diapausing spider mites at 17°C, diapausing spider mites at 17°C and non-diapausing spider mites at 5°C, respectively, relative to expression in non-diapausing mites of the LS-VL strain at 24°C. Error bars represent the standard error of the calculated mean based on three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate significantly differential expressed genes (random reallocation test) compared to the reference condition (green, non-diapausing LS-VL strain at 24°C).