Table 1 The collection of 14 known host resistance genes
From: Prioritizing genes responsible for host resistance to influenza using network approaches
Entrez ID | Gene symbol | Gene description | Mouse ortholog | Cytoband | Supporting evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4599 | MX1 | myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 | Mx1, Mx2 | 21q22.3 | Mouse strains homozygous for Mx null allele fail to synthesize Mx protein and are influenza virus susceptible[22]. |
9437 | NCR1 | natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 | Ncr1 | 19q13.42 | Ncr1-/- 129/Sv and C57BL/6 mice were lethal after influenza virus infection[23]. |
1234 | CCR5 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 | Ccr5 | 3p21.31 | Deaths among Ccr5-/- mice increase after infection with influenza A virus[22]. A large proportion of heterozygosity for the CCR5Δ 32 allele among white patients with severe disease was also found[24]. |
114548 | NLRP3 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 | Nlrp3 | 1q44 | Mice lacking Nlrp3 exhibited dramatically increased mortality and a reduced immune response after exposure to the influenza virus[25]. Gene polymorphisms in the NALP3 inflammasome are associated with interleukin-1 production and severe inflammation in human[26]. |
3105 | HLA-A | major histocompatibility complex, class I, A | H2-D1 | 6p21.3 | The magnitude and specificity of influenza A virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in humans is associated with the HLA-A and -B phenotypes[27]. |
3106 | HLA-B | major histocompatibility complex, class I, B | |||
2212 | FCGR2A | Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIa, receptor (CD32) | Fcgr3 | 1q23 | rs1801274 on FCGR2A is significantly (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.69-4.25) associated with sever pneumonia after A/H1N1 infection in human[28]. |
84268 | RPAIN | RPA interacting protein | Rpain | 17p13.2 | rs8070740 on RPAIN is significantly (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.63-4.39) associated with sever pneumonia after A/H1N1 infection in human[28]. |
3456 | IFNB1 | interferon, beta 1, fibroblast | Ifnb1 | 9p21 | IFN-β-deficient mice carrying functional Mx1 alleles showed 20-fold lower in the 50% lethal dose of H7N7; and also substantially reduced resistance to H1N1 infection[29]. |
3586 | IL10 | interleukin 10 | Il10 | 1q31-q32 | A promoter polymorphism conferred a significantly decreased risk of adverse response to inactivated influenza vaccine[30]. |
708 | C1QBP | complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein | C1qbp | 17p13.3 | rs3786054 on C1QBP is significantly (p < 0.0001, OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.89-5.17 ) associated with sever pneumonia after A/H1N1 infection in human[28]. |
3811 | KIR3DL1 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 1 | Kir3dl1 | 19q13.4 | KIR3DL1/S1 and 2DL1 ligand-negative pairs were enriched among H1N1 ICU cases[31]. |
3803 | KIR2DL2 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 2 | Kir3dl2 | 19q13.4 | KIR2DL2/L3 ligand-positive pairs were enriched among H1N1 ICU cases[31]. |
10410 | IFITM3 | interferon induced transmembrane protein 3 | Ifitm3 | 11p15.5 | Mice lacking Ifitm3 display fulminant viral pneumonia when challenged with a normally low-pathogenicity influenza virus. A statistically significant number of hospitalized subjects were also shown enrichment for a minor IFITM3 allele that alters a splice acceptor site[32]. |