Figure 1

The Bactrocera species used in the present study. Panel A shows a B. tryoni male on the left and a male B. neohumeralis on the right. The species can be distinguished by the colour of the humeral calli (the “shoulder pads”) on the anterior of the thorax, which is yellow in B. tryoni and dark in B. neohumeralis. B. neohumeralis usually have a darker body colour. Panel B shows a male B. jarvisi, which is distinguished from the other two species by the extra yellow marking immediately posterior to the humeral callus, the lighter body colour, clear costal cells on the anterior wing margin and abdominal stripes.