Table 2 Differentially expressed genes upregulated in fertile versus infertile colonies and their human and/or ascidian homologs

A1*, A2, B1, C2 and D

CAP3_round1_contig_7511

Regulates gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, facilitating expression of fertility-related genes.

A1, B1*, B2, C1, C2 and D

CAP3_round1_contig_5534

Involved in secretion of nutrients into the oocyte by follicle cells

A1*, B1, and B2

Bot_c25439

Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

A1 and B1*

Bot_rep_c36004

Expressed on red blood cells.

A1 and B1*

Bot_rep_c36244

Expressed in both mouse and human sperm.

C2*

Bot_c1378

Involved in photoprotection of the skin.

A1*, B1 and B2

Bot_c2674

Encodes a component of intercellular bridges in Drosophila egg chambers.

A1, A2, B1*, and B2

CAP3_round1_contig_5576

Required to condense chromatin in sperm, removes heterochromatin marks, facilitating gene expression

A1, A2, B1* and B2

Bot_rep_c35370

Is expressed in cardiac and striated muscle.

A1*, B1 and D

Bot_c3513

Mammalian tolloid (BMP-1) is a proteinase involved in ovarian tissue remodeling

A1*, A2, B1 and B2

Bot_rep_c45338

Testicular germ cell-specific expression, possible role at and after the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis

A1, B1, B2*, C2 and D

Bot_rep_c45532

Mediates endocytosis of cholesterol-rich LDL. In mice, LDLR is expressed in germ cells

B1, B2 and C2*

Bot_c16824

Involved in oocyte development, protection, sperm binding.

A1, A2, B1* and D

Bot_c13044

Expressed in the oolema of oocytes in hamsters and humans, as well as in sperm following the acrosomal reaction

A1 and B1*

CAP3_round1_contig_8583

Ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, mediates ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of target proteins during spermatogenesis

A1 and B1*

Bot_c2928

Possible role in oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the citric acid cycle.

A1* and B1

Bot_rep_c45410

Structural protein surrounding the axoneme in both the middle piece and principal piece of the sperm tail.

A1* and B1

Bot_c16543

Expressed by granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte in mice. Reduced fertility in CD81-/- null mice, possible role in acrosomal reaction

A1*, B1, B2

CAP3_round1_contig_7986

Mediates cleavage of proteoglycans during the release of the oocyte in mammals

A1, B1*

CAP3_round1_contig_6892

ADAMs play roles in spermatogenesis and sperm function, potentially by effecting maturation of sperm and their adhesion and migration

A1, A2*, and B1

CAP3_round1_contig_4222

Involved in cell cycle.

A1 and B1*

Bot_rep_c35625

Expressed in human testes,pecifically in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, Leydig and Sertoli cells

A1, B1*, B2

CAP3_round1_contig_4558

Expressed in late spermatocyte development.

A1*, B1 and D

Bot_c1197

Facilitates the gliding of the developing gonad along epithelial basement membranes and germline cellularization.

A1*, A2 and B1

CAP3_round1_contig_9899

Essential for spem production and function

A1*, B1 and D

CAP3_round1_contig_9042

Expressed in sensory epithelia of the inner ear.t Has also been classified as a testis-selective cancer/testis (CT) gene

A1, A2, B1*, C2 and D

Bot_rep_c50436

Mouse homozygous-null embryos showed folding of the egg cylinder, leakage of maternal red blood cells into the yolk sac cavity.

A1*, A2 and D

Bot_c2465

In Drosophila, ABC transporters efflux prenylated peptides out of somatic gonadal precursors to serve as chemoattractants for migrating germ cells

A2*

Bot_c25254

In Botryllus schlosseri retinoic acid signaling is involved in gonad formation

A1, B1* and D

CAP3_round1_contig_9460

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules; post-translational modification bu monoglycalation specifi incorporation into axonemes.

A1 and B1*

CAP3_round1_contig_2349

Possible role in sperm development or motility

A1*, A2, B1 and D

Bot_rep_c36144

Expressed in the flagellum of mature sperm, involved in sperm movement

A1*

CAP3_round1_contig_7272

Involved in cell cycle regulation