Figure 1

Schematic representation of the experimental design. Sows were subjected to laparoscopic surgery. To prevent X- and Y-spermatozoa migration between oviducts, both uterine horns were cut using titanium staples. Then, one oviduct was inseminated with X-spermatozoa and the contralateral oviduct was inseminated with Y-spermatozoa (3 × 10⁵ spermatozoa/100 μl) from the same animal. Twenty-four hours following laparoscopic insemination, oviductal tissues containing X- and Y-sperm samples were collected from each side of the reproductive tract in all animals.