Table 1 Anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ABGs) identified in B. rapa

Structural genes

Biosynthetic genes in phenylpropanoid pathway

AtPAL1 (AT2G37040)

BrPAL1.1 (Bra005221)

BrPAL1.2 (Bra017210)

-

-

AtPAL2 (AT3G53260)

BrPAL2.1 (Bra006985)

BrPAL2.2 (Bra039777)

BrPAL2.3 (Bra003126)

-

AtPAL3 (AT5G04230)

-

-

BrPAL3.1 (Bra028793)

BrPAL3.2 (Bra030322)

AtPAL4 (AT3G10340)

BrPAL4 (Bra029831)

-

-

-

AtC4H (AT2G30490)

BrC4H1 (Bra018311)

BrC4H2 (Bra021636)^a

BrC4H4 (Bra022802)

-

BrC4H3 (Bra021637)

BrC4H5 (Bra022803)

At4CL1 (AT1G51680)

-

-

Br4CL1 (Bra030429)

-

At4CL2 (AT3G21240)

Br4CL2.1 (Bra031262)

-

-

-

Br4CL2.2 (Bra031263)

Br4CL2.3 (Bra031265)

Br4CL2.4 (Bra031266)

At4CL3 (AT1G65060)

Br4CL3 (Bra004109)

-

-

-

At4CL5 (AT3G21230)

-

-

Br4CL5.1 (Bra001819)

-

Br4CL5.2 (Bra001820)

Early biosynthetic genes

AtCHS (AT5G13930)

BrCHS1 (Bra008792)

BrCHS2 (Bra006224)

BrCHS 3 (Bra023441)

BrCHS4 (Bra036307)

BrCHS5 (Bra020688)

AtCHI (AT3G55120)

BrCHI1 (Bra007142)

-

BrCHI2 (Bra003209)

BrCHI3 (Bra017728)

AtF3H (AT3G51240)

BrF3H1 (Bra036828)

BrF3H2 (Bra029996)

BrF3H3 (Bra012862)

-

AtF3’H (AT5G07990)

BrF3’H (Bra009312)

-

-

-

AtFLS1 (AT5G08640)

BrFLS1 (Bra009358)

-

-

-

AtFSL2 (AT5G63580)

-

AtFLS3 (AT5G63590)

BrFLS2 (Bra038647)

BrFLS3.2 (Bra029211)

BrFLS4 (Bra037747)

AtFLS4 (AT5G63595)

BrFLS3.1 (Bra038648)

BrFLS3.3 (Bra029212)

AtFLS5 (AT5G63600)

AtFLS6 (AT5G43935)

-

-

-

-

Late biosynthetic genes

AtDFR (AT5G42800)

-

-

BrDFR (Bra027457)

-

AtANS (AT4G22880)

BrANS1 (Bra013652)

BrANS2 (Bra019350)

-

-

AtUGT79B1 (AT5G54060)

BrUGT79B1.1 (Bra003021)

-

-

BrUGT79B1.2 (Bra035004)

AtUGT75C1 (AT4G14090)

-

-

BrUGT75C1 (Bra038445)

-

AtUGT78D2 (AT5G17050)

-

-

BrUGT78D2 (Bra023594)

-

Regulatory genes (Transcription factor)

Positive regulators

R2R3-MYB

Independent regulatory genes

AtMYB11 (AT3G62610)

-

-

-

-

AtMYB12 (AT2G47460)

BrMYB12.1 (Bra004456)

-

BrMYB12.2 (Bra000453)

-

AtMYB111 (AT5G49330)

BrMYB111.1 (Bra037419)

BrMYB111.2 (Bra020647)

BrMYB111.3 (Bra036145)

-

Regulation by forming MBW complex

AtPAP1 (AT1G56650)

-

-

-

Bra001917^b

AtPAP2 (AT1G66390)

Bra004162^b

Bra039763^b

-

AtMYB113 (AT1G66370)

AtMYB114 (AT1G66380)

bHLH

AtTT8 (AT4G09820)

BrTT8 (Bra037887)

-

-

-

AtGL3 (AT5G41315)

BrGL3 (Bra025508)

-

-

-

AtEGL3 (AT1G63650)

-

BrEGL3.1 (Bra027796)

BrEGL3.2 (Bra027653)

-

WD40

AtTTG1 (AT5G24520)

BrTTG1.1 (Bra009770)

BrTTG1.2 (Bra029411)

-

-

Negative regulators

Single-Repeat R3 MYB

AtMYBL2 (AT1G71030)

BrMYBL2.1 (Bra016164)

BrMYBL2.2 (Bra007957)

-

-

AtCPC (AT2G46410)

BrCPC1 (Bra004539)

BrCPC2 (Bra039283)

-

-

LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY DOMAIN (LBD)

AtLBD37 (AT5G67420)

BrLBD37.1 (Bra012164)

BrLBD37.2 (Bra031833)

BrLBD37.3 (Bra037847)

-

AtLBD38 (AT3G49940)

BrLBD38.1 (Bra036040)

-

BrLBD38.2 (Bra012913)

-

AtLBD39 (AT4G37540)

BrLBD39.1 (Bra011772)

BrLBD39.2 (Bra017831)

-

-

Transport genes

AtTT19 (AT5G17220)

BrTT19.1 (Bra008570)

-

BrTT19.2 (Bra023602)

-