Comparative analysis of the complete genome of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp13 reveals remarkable genome plasticity and a wide repertoire of virulence and resistance mechanisms

Table 4 Drug-related efflux pumps identified in compared K. pneumoniae

System	CDS^∆	Resistance profile^Ω	Presence in
			Kp13	NTUH-K2044	MGH 78578	342
RND family
AcrAB	KP03628	AC, BL, BS, CM, CV, EB, FA, FQ, ML, NO, OS, RF, SDS, TX	+	+	+	+
AcrD	KP03833	AG, DC, FU, NO	+	+	+	+
KexD	KP05076	EM, EB, NO, RD, TPP	+	−	+	−
MdtABC	KP03148	BS, DC, NO	+	+	+	+
OqxAB	KP02440	CM, FQ, NA, SDS	+	+	+	+
MF family
Bcr	KP04395	BI, STZ	+	+	+	+
EmrAB	KP31576	CCC, NA, TCS, TLM	+	+	+	+
Fsr	KP03612	FM	+	+	+	+
MdfA (KdeA)	KP04269	AG, BENZ, CM, EB, FQ, RF, TC	+	+	+	+
MdtG	KP04943	DC, FOM	+	+	+	+
MdtH	KP04933	ENX (FQ), NFX	+	+	+	+
MdtL	KP32205	CM	+	+	+	+
SmvA	KP04515	CV, EB	+	+	+	+
SMR family
EmrE	KP32244	AC, CV, EB	+	−	−	−
SugE	KP00509	BENZ, EB	+	+	+	+
MATE family
MdtK	KP05135	AC, NFX	+	+	+	+
ABC family
MacAB	KP04225	ML	+	+	+	+
MdlAB	KP03663	?	+	+	+	+

∆, in the case where the pump is encoded by multiple CDSs, the ID corresponds to one of the adjacent CDSs. Ω, based in the literature found for each system. Substrate nomenclature adapted from [54]: AC, acriflavine; AG, aminoglycosides; BI, bicyclomycin; BL, beta-lactams; BS, bile salts; BENZ, benzalkonium chloride; CCC, carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone; CM, chloramphenicol; CV, crystal violet; DC, deoxycholate; EB, ethidium bromide; EM, erythromycin; ENX, enoxacin; FA, fatty acids; FQ, fluoroquinolones; FOM, fosfomycin; FM, fosmidomycin; FU, fusidic acid; ML, macrolides; NA, nalidixic acid; NFX, norfloxacin; NO, novobiocin; OS, organic solvents; RD, rhodamine; RF, rifampicin; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; STZ, sulfathiazole; TC, tetracycline; TCS, tetrachlorosalicylanilide; TLM, thiolactomycin; TPP, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride; TX, Triton X-100; ?, regarded as related to multidrug-resistance, but with an unknown resistance spectrum. *, evaluated by BLASTP against the target genome.

ISSN: 1471-2164