Figure 4

Comparison of ApMIFs expression in YR2 aphids associated with R. insecticola (YR2-Ri), S. symbiotica (YR2-Ss) or H. defensa (YR2-Hd). Expression has been normalized to EF1 expression and to expression in control aphids (black). Each bar represents the mean expression ± SD obtained from three independent experiments. Significant differences as compared with control are indicated by stars (Anova on row data: ***: p < 0.0002; **: p < 0.002).