Table 1 Population characteristics of the GOLDN study and participants without diabetes in the BPRHS ¹

Age, y

48.9

16

39-62

56.0

7.53

50-61

Female, n (%)

414 (50.5)

501 (70.0)

BMI, kg/m²

28.5

5.5

24.8-31.4

30.6

6.27

26.3-34.0

Energy intake, kJ

8942

5259

5926-10684

10051

5523

6343-11998

Fasting glucose, mmol/L

5.66

1.09

5.11-5.88

5.41

0.61

5.00-5.83

Fasting insulin, pmol/L

97.7

57.4

62.5-111.1

99.7

65.4

57.6-122.2

HOMA-IR

3.61

2.48

2.15-4.2

3.54

2.60

1.92-4.38

Adiponectin, ng/mL

8109

4500

4664-10210

NA

NA

NA

Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA,%

5.78

1.1

5.00-6.33

6.47

1.37

5.60-7.08

Erythrocyte n-6 PUFA,%

28.2

1.5

27.4-29.2

31.0

2.19

30.1-32.3

Erythrocyte DHA,%

3.01

0.86

2.37-3.46

3.91

1.05

3.23-4.51

Erythrocyte EPA,%

0.52

0.23

0.39-0.59

0.42

0.23

0.29-0.49

Erythrocyte DPA,%

2.11

0.29

1.93-2.27

2.00

0.35

1.79-2.19

Erythrocyte ALA,%

0.14

0.03

0.11-0.16

0.13

0.06

0.09-0.16

Erythrocyte AA,%

13.6

1.1

12.9-14.4

16.5

1.84

15.5-17.6

(n-6)/ (n-3) PUFA

5.06

0.98

4.39-5.74

5.02

1.17

4.30-5.58

AA/ (EPA + DHA)

4.14

1.11

3.36-4.85

4.07

1.13

3.32-4.71

AA/ DHA

4.89

1.41

3.86-5.78

4.51

1.28

3.65-5.24

AA/ EPA

29.6

10.1

22.8-35.9

46.9

19.5

33.6-56.7