Figure 3

Biological validation of placental genes in ‘Cell cycle’, ‘Wnt signaling’ and ‘LCPUFA regulation’. Expression levels of genes representing the pathways ‘Cell cycle’ and ‘Wnt signaling’, as well as ‘LCPUFA regulation’ are shown. The data bars for the four analyzed groups (Con-F, Con-M, N3-F, N3-M) are differently shaded as depicted by the respective boxes between panel A and B. The expression level of female placentas of the control group (Con-F) was assigned an arbitrary value of 100% and all other analyzed groups (Con-M, N3-F and N3-M) were depicted relative to Con-F. Data are presented as mean relative gene expression in % + 95% confidence interval. Statistically significant effects of specific factors were marked as follows. #, offspring sex; *, n-3 LCPUFA treatment; ^‡, interactions. #, * or ^‡P < 0.05; # #, * * or ^‡‡, P < 0.01; # # # or * * *, P < 0.001. ^†, two-way ANOVA on ranks. Con-F, female placentas from the control group; Con-M, male placentas from the control group; N3-F, female placentas from the n-3 LCPUFA intervention group; N3-M, male placentas from the n-3 LCPUFA intervention group. n, number of validated placentas per group: Con-F, n = 11; Con-M, n = 9; N3-F, n =10; N3-M, n = 11.