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Table 1 Summary of pathways containing overrepresented differentially expressed genes from DNA microarray data sets analyzed by offspring sex and n-3 LCPUFA intervention

From: Human placental transcriptome shows sexually dimorphic gene expression and responsiveness to maternal dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intervention during pregnancy

Pathways M/TP

Sex

n-3 LCPUFA intervention

Genes overlapping for sex & n-3 LCPUFA

Con-M vs. Con-F

N3-M vs. N3-F

N3-F vs. Con-F

N3-M vs. Con-M

N3-M + F vs. Con-M + F§

Cell cycle A

Z: 1.2; GSK3B, CDKN1A, YWHAB, CCNH, CDK6

-

Z: 3.1; TGFB1, SMC3, MAD2L1, ANAPC4, CDK6, CDK1

-

Z: 3.0; CDK4, ANAPC4, CCNB1, MCM3, DBF4

CDK6

112/131

Insulin signaling

Z: 2.9; SH2B2, TRIP10, GSK3B, FASN, CALM1, PRKX

-

Z: 2.1; PRKACB, SH2B2, RHOQ, PPP1R3D, PYGL

Z: 4.6; TRIP10, HK2, CALM1, IRS2, SH2B2

-

SH2B2, TRIP10, CALM1

126/147

Oocyte meiosis†

Z: 2.4; PRKX, PPP3CA, CALM1, CAMK2G, YWHAB

-

Z: 3.3; PRKACB, CDK1, ANAPC4, SMC3, MAD2L1, PPP3CA

-

Z: 2.4; PPP2R1A, ANAPC4, CCNB1, FBXO5

PPP3CA

103/122

Cell cycle B

Z: 1.1; GSK3B, CDK6, CDKN1A, CCNH

-

Z:3.2; TGFB1, CDK6, CDK1, MAD2L1, HDAC5

-

Z: 3.0; CDK4, CCNB1, DBF4, MCM3

CDK6

81/94

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction†

-

Z: 2.6; CXCR7, CCR5, LEP, BMP2

Z: 0.7; IL8, FLT4, TGFB1, CSF3R CCL13,

Z: 2.2; CXCR7, TNFRSF21, PRL, NGFR

-

CXCR7

225/267

Adipogenesis†

Z: 4.5; LIFR, IL6ST, DVL1, FRZB, ID3, SREBF1, MBNL1, NRIP1, CDKN1A, LPL, LPIN1

-

Z: 2.2; LPL, TGFB1, MEF2C, BMP1, FRZB

-

-

LPL, FRZB

117/131

B cell receptor signaling†

Z: 1.5; RAP2A, PIK3AP1, SH2B2, ATP2B4, GSK3B, ACTR2, RASGRP3, CDK6, PPP3CA

-

Z:2.4; PIK3AP1, SH2B2, PP3CA, CDK6 , HDAC5, BCL6

-

-

PIK3AP1, SH2B2, PP3CA, CDK6

144/159

Wnt signaling

Z: 2.5; SFRP1, GSK3B, PRKX, TBL1X, ROCK1, CAMK2G, PPP3CA, DVL1, FZD6

-

Z: 1.8; SFRP1, LRP6, PRKACB, TBL1X, PPP3CA

-

-

SFRP1, TBL1X, PPP3CA

139/162

TGFB receptor signaling †

Z: 1.1; ROCK1, DVL1, CAMK2G, CDKN1A, CDK6, YAP1

-

Z: 2.6; TGFB1, CDK1, ANAPC4, CDK6, MEF2C, ZEB1

-

-

CDK6

134/152

Myometrial relaxation & contraction

Z: 2.4; GNB1, GUCY1A3, ACTB, CALM1, RGS5, YWHAB, CAMK2G

-

-

Z: 4.1; IGFBP1, PRKAR1B, CXCR7, RXFP1, GNG8

-

 

146/161

  1. M, number of genes measured by DNA microarray and annotated in the pathway; TP, total number of genes annotated in the pathway; §adjusted for offspring sex; Z, Z-score = (significantly regulated genes – expected genes)/(standard deviation of significantly regulated genes); −, pathways without positive Z-scores, or if less than four genes are significantly regulated in the pathway; †pathway includes significantly overrepresented differentially expressed genes that are also present in the pathways ‘Cell cycle A’ and ‘Cell cycle B’. Pathways and genes selected for biological validation are marked in bold. Con-M, placentas of male offspring in the control group; Con-F, placentas of female offspring in the control group; N3-M, placentas of male offspring in the n-3 LCPUFA intervention group; N3-F, placentas of female offspring in the n-3 LCPUFA intervention group.
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BMC Genomics

ISSN: 1471-2164

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