Figure 1

Encapsulation of beads in Spodoptera frugiperda last instar larvae. A. Time course of encapsulation, by transmission electronic and photonic observations. a) Bead 30 minutes post-injection (p.i.). Beads are covered by an uncharacterized granular material (as described in Galleria mellonella by Schmit and Ratcliffe [115]). b) Bead 1 hour p.i. c) Bead 2 hours p.i. d) Bead 4 hours p.i. d') Detail showing desmosomes between two cells involved in the capsule. e) Bead 24 hours p.i. (phase contrast observation). B. Effect of injection of HdIV on cellular response. In a) and b) HdIV have been injected 5 hours prior to the beads, in c) HdIV and beads were injected simultaneously. a) Bead 15 hours p.i. b) Bead 6 hours p.i. c) Beads 24 hours p.i. (phase contrast observation). LB: latex bead; C: capsule; gm: granular material; des: desmosome-like junction; H: hemocyte; J: cellular junction; p: pseudopode-like extension; SB: sephadex bead; arrowheads indicate cells already partially attached to each other. The scale bar corresponds to 1 μm in all views, with exception of Figure 1d'), where the scale bar corresponds to 0.5 μm.