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Table 3 Presence of genes encoding enzymes of the L-arginine-degrading pathways in the genomes of selected marine and freshwater cyanobacteria.

From: Bioinformatic evaluation of L-arginine catabolic pathways in 24 cyanobacteria and transcriptional analysis of genes encoding enzymes of L-arginine catabolism in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Pathway

L-Arginine decarboxylase

Enzymes

A1

A2.1

A2.2

A2.3

A3

A4

A5

A6

Marine species

Prochlorococcus marinus SS 120

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9211

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Prochlorococcus marinus MIT 9312

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Prochlorococcus marinus MIT 9313

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Prochlorococcus marinus MED 4

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Prochlorococcus marinus NATL 2A

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Synechococcus sp. CC 9605

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Synechococcus sp. CC 9902

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Synechococcus sp. WH 8102

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Synechococcus sp. WH 7805

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

n.d.

+

+

Synechococcus sp. WH 5701

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Synechococcus sp. RS 9917

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Crocosphaera watsonii WH 8501

+

n.d.

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS 101

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Freshwater species

Synechococcus elongatus sp. PCC 6301

+

n.d.

+

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Synechococcus elongatus sp. PCC 7942

+

n.d.

+

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Synechococcus Yellowstone sp. A JA-3-3-AB

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Synechococcus Yellowstone sp. B JA-2-3B'a (2–13)

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1

+

n.d.

+

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421

+

n.d.

+

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Nostoc sp. PCC 7120

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413

+

+

n.d.

+

n.d.

+

+

+

  1. L-ornithine is formed from L-arginine by the enzymes arginase or L-arginine amidinotransferase. It is also formed in the 2nd reaction of the L-arginine deiminase pathway. Enzymes A5 and E3 are identical enzymes and both represent a 4-aminobutyrate transaminase. Enzymes A6 and E4 are identical and both represent a succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Fig. 2). Enzymes A2.1, B1, and C1 represent ureohydrolases, and the same gene(s) is (are) annotated as an agmatinase (A2.1), an arginase (B1) or a 4-guanidinobutyrase (E2). The genes encoding the enzymes C1 and D1 are annotated as L-arginine amidinotransferase as well as L-arginine deiminase (see text for further details). N.d. = not detected.