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Table 1 Low-temperature induced genes and proteins and their putative function during the bacterial lifestage in insects. The differential expression was observed in (1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 12) Y. enterocolitica [7, 78, 87, 94, 147, 148], (3, 4, 7) Y. pestis [149-151], (5) Y. ruckeri [152], (11) Y. pseudotuberculosis [153] and (6) P. luminescens [154].

From: Comparative analysis of the Photorhabdus luminescens and the Yersinia enterocolitica genomes: uncovering candidate genes involved in insect pathogenicity

Class

Name

Function

Y. enterocolitica

P. luminescens

Distribution among bacterial genera

Possible role in insect gut/hemolymph

Substrate transport

gltP/dctA (1)

glutamate-aspartate symport/transport of C4- dicarboxylates across the membrane

0310 (gltP)/4067 (dctA)

dctA (Plu3205)

ubiquitous

uptake of peptides following protease activity

 

- (1)

permease

YE3697

Plu4591

ubiquitous

unknown

 

uhpABC (1)

hexose phosphate transport

YE4089-4087

Plu0815-0813

ubiquitous

exploitation of carbon sources

 

mgtC (1)

Mg2+ transport ATPase protein

YE2586

Plu1843

ubiquitous

virulence factor in Salmonella

 

hemHFRS (3, 4)

hemin storage

YE2481-2484

no homologue

ubiquitous

storage of excess hemin

 

irp1/irp2 (7)

yersiniabactin biosynthesis

YE2617/YE2618

Plu2320/Plu2321

ubiquitous

iron acquisition

 

fepG (5)

iron-siderophore transport

YE3620

Plu4625

ubiquitous

iron acquisition

Membrane proteins

- (1)

unknown

YE1324

no homologue

ubiquitous

unknown

 

ompN homologue (1)

pore formation

YE2463

Plu1751

ubiquitous

osmolarity

 

crcB (1)

unknown

YE0964

Plu1290

ubiquitous

unknown

 

- (1)

unknown

YE2063

no homologue

Yersinia, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas

unknown

 

- (1)

hypothetical membrane protein

YE2063

no homologue

Yersinia, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas,

unknown

 

rfb (9)

synthesis of LPS O antigen

YE3072-3087

Plu4817-4819, Plu4824, Plu4831

ubiquitous

blocking the access of bile salts and complement to the outer membrane

 

- (1)

putative lipoprotein

YE2793

no homologue

species-specific

unknown

Substrate utilization

urease (1, 3, 10)

urea amidohydolase

YE0951-0958

Plu2171-2177; transporter missing

ubiquitous

pH adaptation, ammoniak degradation

 

hutH (1)

histidine ammonia-lyase

YE3021/YE4094

Plu3192

ubiquitous

histidine utilization

 

prtA (6)

alkaline metalloprotease

YE4052

Plu0655

Yersinia, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Erwinia

bioconversion

 

glgB (1)

1,4-a glucan branching enzyme

YE4013

no homologue

ubiquitous

storage of surplus primary carbohydrates

Regulation

arcAB (1)

TCS controlling the response to respiratory conditions

YE0595

Plu0562

ubiquitous

(virulence) regulation during anaerobic growth

 

- (1)

putative transcription regulatory protein

YE1436

Plu2862

Yersinia

unknown

 

- (1)

EAL domain; hypothetical

YE4063

no homologue

Yersinia, Shigella, Escherichia

regulation of virulence via c-di-GMP

 

- (1)

EAL domain; hypothetical

YE1324

no homologue

Yersinia, Shigella, Escherichia, Vibrio

regulation of virulence via c-di-GMP

 

yenI/yenR (yspI/yspR) (3)

N-acylhomoserine lactone synthase YenI/transcriptional regulator YenR

YE1600/YE1599

no homologue

Sodalis, Serratia, Erwinia, Aeromonas, Pectobacterium, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium,

quorum sensing contributing to the regulation of virulence gene expression

Virulence factors

srfA (1)

putative virulence factor, ssrAB activated in S. typhimurium

YE2057

no homologue

Yersinia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter

unknown

 

fhaC (1)

hemolysin secretion

YE0480

no homologue

Yersinia, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Haemophilus

cytolytic effect on immunocytes and hemolytic effect on blood cells

 

yst (2)

heat-stable enterotoxin

not annotated

no homologue

Yersinia

release of nutrients from gut cells

 

tcdA, tcdB and tccC-like elements (1)

insecticidal toxin complex

tc-PAIYe

numerous loci

Yersinia, Xenorhabdus, Serratia

cytotoxic activity against insect tissue

 

phlA/B (5)

hemolysin secretion

YE2407/YE2408

Plu0316/Plu0317

ubiquitous

cytolytic effect on immunocytes and hemolytic effect on blood cells

 

invE (11)

adhesion/invasion

YE3547

no homologue

ubiquitous

colonization of insect gut

 

ysa (12)

T3SS

see Fig. 5

see Fig. 5

Yersinia, Burkholderia, Erwinia, Xanthomonas, Salmonella

colonization of insect gut

 

fleABC etc.(1)

flagellar genes

Flag-1 genes

Flag-1 genes

ubiquitous

motility

 

yplA (8)

Phospholipase

YE1005

Plu3370

Yersinia, Serratia, Xanthomonas

survival within the insect host