Figure 4From: The pathogenic human Torsin A in Drosophila activates the unfolded protein response and increases susceptibility to oxidative stressIncreased sensitivities to oxidative and ER stressors and autophagy inhibitors in the HTorAΔE flies. (A) The hazard ratio (HR) of the HTorAΔE expressing flies reared on fly food containing 1% H2O2 was 2.073 times increased compared to those of the HTorAWT expressing flies. (B) The HTorAΔE-expressing flies also showed 3.564 times increased HR to 20 mM paraquat induced oxidative stress. (C) When ER stress was induced using 12 mM tunicamycin, the HR of the HTorAΔE-expressing flies was 3.013 times increased compared with the HTorAWT-expressing flies. (D-F) When a protein disulfide bond reducing compound DTT was applied with three different concentrations, including 5 mM (D), 25 mM (E), and 100 mM (F), there was no difference in HR between the HTorAWT and the HTorAΔE-expressing flies. (G-I) The HTorAΔE flies were vulnerable to autophagy inhibitors, 10 mM 3-MA (G), 40 μM Wortmannin (H), and 40 μM LY294002 (I) compared with the HTorAWT flies. HR = hazard ratio, 95% CI = 95% confident intervals of hazard ratio.Back to article page