Table 1 Mean (±SE, n = 7) VOC emission rates measured from the bark surface of the intact control and the Hylobius -damaged Scots pine saplings ^a

Monoterpenes

 α-Pinene^T

(16.1 ± 9.4)∙10³

(10 ± 3.1)∙10³

0.597

 Camphene^U

(8.4 ± 5.5)∙10²

(8.6 ± 3.4) ∙10²

0.674

 Sabinene^U

0 ± 0^b

(1.7 ± 1.7)∙10³

1.000

 β-Pinene^U

0 ± 0^b

89 ± 73

0.462

 3-Carene^T

(4.9 ± 2.1)∙10³

(28.7 ± 12.3)∙10³

0.007

 Limonene^T

(2.2 ± 1.1)∙10³

(15.9 ± 8.1)∙10³

0.013

 β-Phellandrene^U

84 ± 67

(4.3 ± 3.3)∙10³

0.510

 1,8-Cineole^U

0 ± 0^b

(3.9 ± 2.8)∙10²

0.192

 Camphor^U

0 ± 0^b

(4.7 ± 2.1)∙10²

0.070

 Bornyl acetate^T

(4.8 ± 2)∙10²

(7.1 ± 1.9)∙10²

0.429

 Total monoterpenes ^T

(24.6 ± 11.7)∙10³

(62.7 ± 27.8)∙10³

0.060

Sesquiterpenes

 β-Selinene^U

(2 ± 1)∙10²

(3.6 ± 1.1)∙10²

0.185

 Longicyclene^U

0 ± 0^b

(5.8 ± 1.4)∙10²

0.001

 Longifolene^T

(21.6 ± 7)∙10²

(8 ± 2.6)∙10³

0.038

  trans-β-caryophyllene^U

0 ± 0^b

(5.7 ± 3)∙10³

0.021

  trans-β-farnesene^U

0 ± 0^b

(21.2 ± 8.4)∙10²

0.021

 Aromadendrene^U

(2.9 ± 1.4)∙10²

(3.4 ± 3)∙10³

0.371

 α-Muurolene^U

0 ± 0^b

(4.1 ± 0.91)∙10²

0.005

 α-Farnesene^U

0 ± 0^b

(4.5 ± 2.7)∙10²

0.192

 δ-Cadinene^U

0 ± 0^b

(6 ± 1.8)∙10²

0.021

  Total sesquiterpenes ^T

(26.2 ± 8.6)∙10²

(21.6 ± 5.9)∙10³

0.001

Nonanal^T

(61.4 ± 21.9)∙10³

(13.5 ± 2.9)∙10⁴

0.022

Methyl salicylate^T

(50.5 ± 17.7)∙10³

(9.7 ± 1.7)∙10⁴

0.082

Total VOCs^T

(13.9 ± 4.9) ∙10⁴

(31.6 ± 2.6)∙10⁴

0.008