Fig. 4

Expansion of lipase gene family in Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae and Malassezia globosa. Both M. lychnidis-dioicae and M. globosa contain a higher number of proteins with a lipase domain (PF03583.7) relative to the other fungi examined. a Phylogenetic tree of proteins with this domain. Protein sequences were aligned with MUSCLE, and a phylogeny was inferred from this alignment using RAxML (PROTCAT model, DAYHOFF matrix). A total of 1000 bootstrap replicates were performed, and the percent of replicates shown is on the tree nodes. All M. lychnidis-dioicae proteins are indicated by their respective MVLG designation. Similar lipase genes from other species are included, with the gene prefix denoting the species as follows: AN, Aspergillus nidulans; UM, Ustilago maydis; sr, Sporisorium relianum; MGL, Malasezzia globosa. Scale corresponds to substitutions per site. b–e Treatment of mated M. lychnidis-dioicae cells with various lipids. b water-treated mated cell control (Inset: higher magnification showing cells with conjugation bridge, black arrows); (c) mated cells treated with commercially-available corn oil (Inset: higher magnification of filamentation); D, mated cells treated with α-tocopherol; (e), mated cells treated with phytol. The green arrows show areas of filamentation emanating from mated cells after treatment with each specific type of lipid. b and c size bars, 25 μm; (d) and (e), size bars, 50 μm