Fig. 1

Induction of Type II EMT. a Primary human small airway epithelial cells (hSAECs) were incubated in the absence or presence of TGFβ (10 ng/mL) for 15 days. Cells were fixed, stained with Alexa568-conjugated phalloidin (for distribution of F-actin, shown in red color) and DAPI (a nuclear DNA stain, shown in blue color), and examined by confocal microscopy. b Total RNA was extracted, purified, and reverse-transcribed. The expression of core transcription factors (SNAIL1, Twist1, and ZEB1, upper panel) and mesenchymal markers (Vimentin (VIM), collagen 1A (Col1A), and fibronectin (FN1), lower panel) were examined by Q-RT-PCR. Shown is fold-change mRNA abundance normalized to cyclophilin. Data are from three independent experiments