Fig. 9

Confirmation of differentially expressed genes and release of pro-inflammatory mediators in primary microglial cells. a and b IL-1ß, IL1A, TNF-α, PTGS2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CXCL10, IRF1, IRF7, JUNB, NF-κBIA, CLEC4E, GPR84, SLC15A3 and KDM4A genes were significantly up-regulated in Poly (I:C)- and LPS treated primary microglia cells. Gene expression was normalized to the GAPDH transcript levels. c and d Primary microglial cell culture supernatants of Poly (I:C)- and LPS treated cells were subjected to ELISA to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Therefore, primary microglial cells were treated with Poly (I:C)- and LPS for 2 h and 4 h, followed by quantification of DNMT3L, TNF-α, IL-1ß and CCL4 levels. Values are given in pg/ml. Means and standard deviations of the mean of three independent experiments are shown (*P <0.05, **P <0.001, compared with control). The data represent three independent experiments